Ethnographic study of the Mordovians in Bashkiria (historiographic review)
Sadikov Ranus R.,
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Ethnography, R. G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research, Ufa Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, Russia), kissapi@mail.ru
Abdulkhalikov Rishat A.,
Post Graduate student (PhD), R. G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research, Ufa Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, Russia), rishat24rishat@gmail.com
Introduction. In Bashkiria one of the most significant and ethnically interesting ethnic groups is Mordva. It is represented by Erzya, and a small number of Moksha. Religiously, Mordva also forms several confessional groups. Among Erzya Mordovians the biggest number of people considers themselves Orthodox, a small part as Old Believers and Molokans-Subbotniks. Moksha adheres to the Orthodox faith.
Materials and Methods. This article gives a historiographical overview of research on the history of formation and ethnographic features of the Mordva now living in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The ethnoterritorial group of the Mordovians oin Bashkiria is poorly researched from ethnographic perspective; the available works are occasional and are published in various journals, sometimes completely forgotten and not introduced into academic and research focus. The authors tried to generalize the publications available to date on this topic, arranged them in chronological order, and introduce little-known work back into research field.
Results and Discussion. The beginning of the ethnographic study of the Urals Mordovians was laid in the 18th century. In the nineteenth century, many researchers and local historians touched upon the Mordovians of Ufa province. Their work reflected ethnic features on economic activities, settlements and dwellings, food and clothing. There is only one publication of that time, specifically made about the Mordva of the Ufa province. It is a newspaper article by M. Burdukov. In the Soviet period, the Mordovians of the region also did not become the subject of a study. The greatest contribution to the study of the Mordovians of Bashkiria at that time was made in the works by V. N. Belitzer. The researchers studied the folk costume and the wedding rite of the ethnoterritorial group of the people in the Bashkir ASSR. In the post-Soviet period, a great contribution to the study of the Mordovians in the Republic of Bashkortostan was made by M. V. Murzabulatov and A. S. Shcherbakov.
Conclusion. The historiographic analysis of publications on the history and ethnographic features of the Mordovians in Bashkiria shows that the history of the formation of this ethnoterritorial group, ethno-social, ethno-demographic and ethno-linguistic processes was studied most fully. The regional peculiarities of Erzyan and Mokshan clothing and the evolution of its forms have been studied to some extent. Other aspects of traditional material and spiritual culture remain poorly studied.
Key words: Republic of Bashkortostan; Mordva; history; ethnography; history of study; historiography; publications.
For citation: Sadikov RR, Abdulkhalikov RA. Etnograficheskoe izuchenie mordvy Bashkirii (istoriograficheskii obzor) [Ethnographic study of the Mordovians in Bashkiria (historiographic review)]. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 4: 71–80. (In Russian)
1. B. Po povodu ocherka o mordvakh [On the essay about the Mordovians]. Ufimskie gubernskie vedomosti = Ufa Province Gazette. 1905; 196. (In Russian)
2. Belitser VN. Narodnaia odezhda mordvy [Mordovian folk costumes]. Moskva; 1973. (In Russian)
3. Burdukov M. Mordva: etnogr. ocherk [Mordva. Ethnographic essay]. Ufimskie gubernskie vedomosti = Ufa Province Gazette. 1905; 176–178. (In Russian)
4. Gabdrafikov I, Sadikov R, Shcherbakov A. Izuchenie potrebnostei mordovskogo naseleniia [Studying the needs of the Mordovian population]. Etnokonfessional’naia situatsiia v Privolzhskom federal’nom okruge: biul. Seti etnolog. monitoringa i rannego preduprezhdeniia konfliktov = Ethno-confessional situation in the Volga Federal District. Bulletin of the Network for Ethnological Monitoring and Early Warning of Conflicts. 2003; 61: 3–5. (In Russian)
5. Danilko ES. Rasprostranenie staroobriadchestva sredi mordovskogo naseleniia Iuzhnogo Urala [Distribution of the Old Believers among the Mordovian population of the Southern Urals]. Etnicheskie vzaimodeistviia na Iuzhnom Urale: materialy III region. nauch.-prakt. konf. = Ethnic interactions in the Southern Urals. Materials of the III Regional Conference. Cheliabinsk; 2006: 173–176. (In Russian)
6. Evsev’ev ME. Zhizn’ mordvy v fotografiiakh: fotoal’bom [The life of the Mordovians in photographs. Photoalbum]. Saransk; 2004. (In Russian)
7. Evsev’ev ME. Izbrannye trudy. T. 1. Narodnye pesni mordvy [Selected works. Vol. 1. Mordovian folk songs]. Saransk; 1961. (In Russian)
8. Evsev’ev ME. Izbrannye trudy. T. 5. Istoriko-etnograficheskie issledovaniia [Selected works. Vol. 5. Historical and ethnographic research]. Saransk; 1964. (In Russian)
9. Zemlia Ermekeevskaia… [Yermekeyevskaya Land…]. Ufa; 1999. (In Russian)
10. Zlatoverkhovnikov I. Ufimskaia eparkhiia: geogr., etnogr., administrativno-ist. i stat. ocherk [Ufa diocese. Geographical, ethnographic, administrative-historical and statistical essay]. Ufa; 1899. (In Russian)
11. Karpukhin IE. Svad’ba russkikh Bashkortostana v mezhetnicheskikh vzaimodeistviiakh [Wedding of Russians in Bashkortostan in interethnic interactions]. Sterlitamak; 1997. (In Russian)
12. Kondrat’ev AA. Iurtov – pervyi prosvetitel’ mordovskogo naroda [Yurtov – the first educator of the Mordovian people]. Ufa; 2004. (In Russian)
13. Litunovskii N. Mediko-topograficheskoe opisanie Orenburgskoi gubernii: dis. d-ra meditsiny [Medical and topographic description of Orenburg province]. Moskva; 1878. (In Russian)
14. Mannapov MM. Istoriia Iakovlevki: ot khutora k selu [History of Yakovlevka: from farm to village]. Ufa; 2004. (In Russian)
15. Mannapov MM. Mordva iugo-vostochnogo Bashkortostana [Mordva of southeastern Bashkortostan]. Iadkiar. 2004; 2: 93–98. (In Russian)
16. Mariskin OI. Alatyrskii krai i Bashkiriia v XVII–XIX vv. [Alatyrsky region and Bashkiria in the XVII–XIX centuries]. Reka vremeni: sb. st. = The river of time. Collections of articles. Ufa; 2014: 31–49. (In Russian)
17. Mariskin OI. Pereselenie mordovskogo naroda v Bashkiriiu v XVIII–XIX vv. [The migration of the Mordovian people to Bashkiria in the XVIII–XIX centuries]. Gumanitarii: aktual’nye problemy gumanitarnoi nauki i obrazovaniia = Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education. 2014; 2: 24–31. (In Russian)
18. Mordva Zavolzh’ia [Mordva of the Trans-Volga region]. Saransk; 1994. (In Russian)
19. Mordovskii narodnyi kostium: al’bom [Mordovian folk costume. Album]. Saransk; 1990. (In Russian)
20. Murzabulatov MV. Mordva [Mordva]. Istoriko-kul’turnyi entsiklopedicheskii atlas Respubliki Bashkortostan = Historical and cultural encyclopedic atlas of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Moskva; Ufa; 2007: 458–461. (In Russian)
21. Murzabulatov MV. Mordva [Mordva]. Narody Bashkortostana: ist.-etnogr. ocherki = The people of Bashkortostan. Historical and ethnographic essays. Ufa; 2002: 319–346. (In Russian)
22. Murzabulatov MV. Mordovskoe naselenie Bashkortostana: issledovaniia i materialy [Mordovian population of Bashkortostan. Research and materials]. Ufa; 1995. (In Russian)
23. Murzabulatov MV. Finno-ugorskie narody Bashkortostana [Finno-Ugric peoples of Bashkortostan]. Ufa; 2010. (In Russian)
24. Natsional’nyi sostav i vladenie iazykami, grazhdanstvo naseleniia Respubliki Bashkortostan po dannym Vserossiiskoi perepisi naseleniia 2010 g.: stat. sb. [National composition and language proficiency, citizenship of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan according to the All-Russian Population Census of 2010. Stat. Sat.]. Ufa; 2013; 1. (In Russian)
25. Nikonorova EE. Traditsionnaia mordovskaia odezhda iz belogo kholsta v kollektsiiakh ufimskikh muzeev [Traditional Mordovian clothesmade made from white canvas in the collections of Ufa museums]. Material’naia kul’tura bashkir i narodov Uralo-Povolzh’ia: materialy mezhregion. nauch.-prakt. konf. = Material culture of the Bashkirs and peoples of the Ural-Volga region. Materials of the Interregional Conference. Ufa; 2008: 263–284. (In Russian)
26. Rychkov NP. Zhurnal, ili dnevnye zapiski puteshestviia kapitana Rychkova po raznym provintsiiam Rossiiskogo gosudarstva v 1769 i 1770 godu [The journal, or the daily notes of Captain Rychkov’s travels to different provinces of the Russian state in 1769 and 1770]. Sankt-Peterburg; 1770. (In Russian)
27. Rychkov PI. Topografiia Orenburgskaia. [Topography Orenburg]. Sankt-Peterburg; 1762; 2. (In Russian)
28. SV. Neskol’ko slov po povodu ocherka «Mordva» M. Burdukova [A few words about the essay “Mordva” by M. Burdukov]. Ufimskie gubernskie vedomosti = Ufa Province Gazette. 1905; 188. (In Russian)
29. Sadikov RR. Mordva Bashkortostana: traditsii i sovremennost’ [Mordva of Bashkortostan: traditions and modernity]. Sovremennye etnopoliticheskie i etnosotsial’nye protsessy v Rossii: model’ Respubliki Bashkortostan: materialy mezhregion. nauch.-prakt. konf. = Modern ethnopolitical and ethnosocial processes in Russia: the model of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Materials of the Interregional Conference. Ufa; 2004: 275–283. (In Russian)
30. Sadikov RR. Sovremennaia konfessional’naia situatsiia sredi mordvy Bashkortostana [Contemporary confessional situation among Mordovians of Bashkortostan]. Bashkortostan – Dom druzhby: materialy resp. nauch.-prakt. konf., posviashchennoi 150-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia A. F. Iurtova = Bashkortostan is the House of Friendship. Materials of the republican conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of A. F. Yurtov. Ufa; 2005: 27–30. (In Russian)
31. Sadikov RR. Finno-ugorskie kollektsii v ufimskikh muzeiakh [Finno-Ugric collections in Ufa museums]. Ezhegodnik finno-ugorskikh issledovanii = Yearbook of Finno-Ugrian Studies. 2015; 1: 87–98. (In Russian)
32. Sadikov RR. Finno-ugorskie narody v etnokul’turnoi i konfessional’noi strukture naseleniia Respubliki Bashkortostan [Finno-Ugric peoples in the ethnocultural and confessional structure of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Izvestiia Ufimskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = Izvestiya Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2015; 1: 83–91. (In Russian)
33. Sadikov RR. Finno-ugorskie narody Respubliki Bashkortostan (istoriia, kul’tura, demografiia) [Finno-Ugric peoples of the Republic of Bashkortostan (history, culture, demography)]. Ufa; 2016. (In Russian)
34. Sadikov RR. Etnokonfessional’nye protsessy v etnicheski smeshannykh poseleniiakh Uralo-Povolzh’ia (istoriia i sovremennost’) [Ethnoconfessional processes in ethnically mixed settlements of the Ural-Volga region (history and modernity)]. Opyt vzaimodeistviia i vzaimnoi adaptatsii v etnicheski smeshannykh seleniiakh Uralo-Povolzh’ia: sb. st. = Experience of interaction and mutual adaptation in ethnically mixed settlements of the Ural–Volga region. Collections of articles. Moskva; 2009: 26–53. (In Russian)
35. Topografiia Orenburgskaia, to est’ obstoiatel’noe opisanie Orenburgskoi gubernii, sochinennoe kollezhskim sovetnikom i Imperatorskoi akademii nauk korrespondentom Petrom Rychkovym [Topography of Orenburg, a detailed description of the Orenburg province, compiled by the collegiate adviser and the Imperial Academy of Sciences correspondent Peter Rychkov]. Orenburg; 2012. (In Russian)
36. Fedianovich TP. Mordva: materialy Mordovskoi etnograficheskoi ekspeditsii. 1953–1969: etnogr. al’bom [Mordva. Materials of the Mordovian ethnographic expedition. 1953–1969. Ethnographic album]. Moskva; 2011. (In Russian)
37. Fedianovich TP. Svadebnye obriady mordvy-erzi Tatarskoi, Chuvashskoi i Bashkirskoi ASSR [Wedding ceremonies of the Mordva-Erzya of the Tatar, Chuvash and Bashkir Autonomous SSR]. Materialy po arkheologii i etnografii Mordovii = Materials on Archeology and Ethnography of Mordovia. Saransk; 1974: 110–121. (In Russian)
38. Finno-ugorskie narody v kollektsiiakh Muzeia arkheologii i etnografii Tsentra etnologicheskikh issledovanii: katalog [Finno-Ugric peoples in the collections of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the Center for Ethnological Research: Catalog]. Ufa; 2006. (In Russian)
39. Cheremshanskii VM. Opisanie Orenburgskoi gubernii v khoziaistvenno-statisticheskom, etnograficheskom i promyshlennom otnosheniiakh [Description of the Orenburg province in economic-statistical, ethnographic and industrial relations]. Ufa; 1859. (In Russian)
40. Shcherbakov AS. Mordva [Mordva]. Narody Bashkortostana: entsikl. = The people of Bashkortostan. Encyclopedia. Ufa; 2014: 186–208. (In Russian)
41. Shcherbakov AS. Mordva Bashkirskogo Priural’ia: ist.-etnolog. ocherki [Mordva of the Bashkir Urals. Historical and ethnological essays]. Saransk; 2016. (In Russian)
42. Shcherbakov AS. Mordovskoe naselenie Bashkirskogo Priural’ia: istoriko-etnologicheskoe issledovanie: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Mordovian population of the Bashkir Urals: historical and ethnological research. Abstract of dis. … cand. hist. sci.]. Ufa; 2005. (In Russian)
43. Shcherbakov AS. Mordovskoe naselenie Bashkortostana: ocherk sovremennykh etnicheskikh protsessov [Mordovian population of Bashkortostan. Essay on contemporary ethnic processes]. Ufa; 2005. (In Russian)
44. Shcherbakov AS. Sovremennoe etnograficheskoe izuchenie mordovskogo naseleniia Bashkortostana (istoriograficheskii ocherk) [Modern ethnographic study of the Mordovian population in Bashkortostan (historiographical essay)]. Juvenis Scientia. 2016; 3: 40–43. (In Russian)
45. Etnografiia. Mordva i cheremisy Orenburgskoi gubernii [Ethnography. Mordva and Cheremis Orenburg Province]. Orenburgskie gubernskie vedomosti = Orenburg provincial newsletter. 1845; 42. (In Russian)
46. Etnokul’turnye protsessy na Iuzhnom Urale v XX–nachale XXI v. [Ethnocultural processes in the South Urals in the XX – early XXI century]. Sankt-Peterburg; 2015. (In Russian)
47. Iunusova AB, Sadikov RR. Mordva Bashkortostana [Mordva of Bashkortostan]. Panorama Bashkortostana = Panorama of Bashkortostan. 2011; 2 (28): 30–35. (In Russian)
48. Iur-v Av-ii. Pogrebal’nye obriady i poveriia kreshchenoi mordvy Ufimskoi gubernii [Funeral rites and beliefs of the baptized Mordovians of the Ufa province]. Izvestiia po Kazanskoi eparkhii = Izvestiya of Kazan diocese. 1877; 8: 227–229. (In Russian)
49. Iagafova EA, Danilko ES, Kornishina GA, Molotova TL, Sadikov RR. Etnokonfessional’nye men’shinstva narodov Uralo-Povolzh’ia [Ethno-confessional minorities of the peoples of the Urals-Volga region]. Samara; 2010. (In Russian)
50. Auasi. Eesti etnoloogide jӓlgedes = Delo chesti. Po sledam estonskikh etnologov [It’s a matter of honor. Following the footsteps of Estonian ethnologists]. Tartu; 2008. (In Estonian and in Russian)
51. László V. Volgán Innen, Volgán túl. Naplójegyzeter a Magyar öshaza videkeröl. Budapest; 2002. (In Hungarian)
52. Merja Salo. Matka diasporan mordvalaisiin kesällä 1995. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja. 1995; 86: 199–222. (In Finnish)
53. Sadikov R. Mordva-Murza in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Congressus Duodecimus Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum. Book of Abstracts. Oulu; 2015. (In English)
