Finno-Ugric World

Fedosia M. Lelkhova
Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Research and Development,
Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

Introduction. The article considers the identification of the ways of plant nomination in the dialects of the Khanty language. The aim of the research is to classify the principles of flora nomination in the Khanty language, taking into account dialectal features. The object is the vocabulary of the plant world, which provides rich material in synchronic and diachronic aspects, since it belongs to the most archaic layers of vocabulary. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that until now the principles of plant nomination in this language have not been studied.
Materials and Methods. The material for the article was the floristic vocabulary of the Khanty dialects. The linguistic material was collected during the field work and direct communication with the speakers of the dialects. The work employs a complex of research methods such as: descriptive, including the identification and classification of material, the method of component analysis, as well as individual elements of etymological analysis.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis, it identifies various and numerous principles of plant nomination in the Khanty language and its dialects, such as “consumption of plants by animals and birds as food”, “place of growth”, “color”, “function”, “edibility for humans”, etc.
Conclusions. The process of naming plants is based on certain characteristics that reflect both the characteristics of the plants themselves and the specifics of the culture of the people. In the Khanty language, the most representative motivational features for the nomination of plants are the correlation with objects of the animal world, place of growth, color, specificity of economic use.

Keywords: dialect, vocabulary, language, Khanty, Finno-Ugric, method of nomination, phytonymy, motivation

Acknowledgments: The author thanks the Pohjoishantin Šuryškarin kirjakielen kieliopin ja muiden apuneuvojen laatiminen project, and Koneen Säätiö foundation for the help in orginizing the expeditions to the northern Khanty for collecting the lexical material on the topic.

For citation: Lelkhova FM. Principles of plant nomination in the Khanty language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2021;13;2:116–123. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.02.116-123.

Nadezhda N. Timerkhanova
Udmurt State University,
Izhevsk, Russia

Introduction. In the Udmurt language, bisubjective sentences with absolute polypredicative constructions are very productive. The main components of such constructions are expressed by the noun in the nominative case and the gerundium adverbial or gerundium noun, which are connected by a specific connection. The purpose of this article is to establish the syntactic features of polypredicative constructions. Research objectives are to describe the syntactic structure of such constructions, to establish the type of syntactic connection between the main components within the absolute constructions and to show its difference from the types of syntactic connection traditionally distinguished in the sentence.
Materials and Methods. The main source of the research was the materials from the Udmurt literature and colloquial speech. The author used a set of such research methods as: descriptive method, continuous sampling, contextual analysis, linguistic modeling and transformation. The use of these methods allowed considering the specifics of the units under consideration on a specific language material.
Results and Discussion. In the system of the Udmurt language, absolute polypredicative constructions are widely represented. Namely, gerundium adverbial constructions and gerundium noun constructions that have their own subject of action, which are different from the subject of action of the main part of the sentence – the subject, which is associated with the predicate. The syntactic connection between the subject and the gerundium adverbial part (gerundium noun) is specific, not predicative and not subordinate; it has not yet been designated with the help of a linguistic term in Udmurt linguistics. Such constructions have a fixed word order. In verbs with the gerundium adverbial part on the suffix -sa, there can be no autonomous subject of action, the subject is always the same for the verb-predicate and the gerundium adverbial part.
Conclusion. In the Udmurt language, there are bisubjective constructions with the second subject of action in the nominative case, which claims to be the subject in a polypredicative construction with the main word being a gerundium adverbial or gerundium noun. The syntactic connection between the main components within an absolute constructions differs from the types of syntactic relationship traditionally distinguished in a sentence. This connection can be described as “semi-predictive coordination” or “subpredicative coordination”.

Keywords: the Udmurt language, besubject construction, polypredicative connection, the absolute construction, structural scheme polypredicative construction, semi-predicative/subpredicative coordination

For citation: Timerkhanova NN. Syntactic structure of absolute construction and the connection between its main components in the Udmurt language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2021;13;2:124–135. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.02.124-135.

Information about the author
N. N. Timerkhanova – Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Head of the Department of Linguistic Typology and Linguodidactics, Udmurt State University,
timer-nadezhda@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-9239

Yevgeniy V. Karakin
Tatyana V. Pashkova
Petrozavodsk State University,
Petrozavodsk, Russia

Introduction. Insects act as an element of the mythological system and rituals, provided by a variety of functions, occupied a certain place in the rituals, beliefs and medical practice of the Karelians. Among domestic insect parasites, the lice are most widely represented in the Karelian language and rituals. The research novelty of the study is determined by the fact that researchers did not turn to the question of the functioning of insects in mythological views and the ritual tradition of Karelians. However, such research is necessary in order to recreate the integrity of the mythological picture of the Karelians, which determines the relevance of this article.
Materials and Methods. The material for the study was entomological images in the beliefs and folk medicine of the Karelians. They were considered using comparative historical, comparative and comparative and ethnolinguistic methods.
Results and Discussion. The authors dwell on the mythological views of Karelians about domestic parasite insects using the example of lice. These beliefs are reflected in the causes of diseases, methods of treatment, as well as in mythological stories and folklore.
Conclusion. The collected and analyzed linguistic and ethnographic data make it possible to come to the conclusion that the lice are the representatives of the entomofauna. Karelians have many beliefs connected with lice, which are reflected in the linguistic picture of the world and traditional culture.

Keywords: Karelians, beliefs, traditions, medicinal magic, parasite insects, lice

For citation: Karakin YeV, Pashkova TV. Entomological images in Karelian beliefs. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2021;13;2:136–142. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.02.136-142.

Information about the authors
Ye. V. Karakin – Senior Lecturer, Department of Baltic-Finnish Philology, Petrozavodsk State University, karakin.86@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-0971
T. V. Pashkova – Doctor of History, Head of Department of Baltic-Finnish Philology, Petrozavodsk State University, tvpashkova05@mail.ru,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-4767

Alyona A. Antipova
Elena N. Kasarkina
National Research Mordovia State University,
Saransk, Russia

Introduction. The article presents an empirical study on the actual problem of supporting single-parent families in modern sociocultural conditions. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of everyday life, current problems and mechanisms of support for single-parent families in the social and cultural conditions in cities and villages in Mordovia.
Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is presented by a set of concepts and theoretical approaches in accordance with the subject and problem of the study, the methodological tools of family sociology, cultural studies, and psychology. It used the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, secondary analysis of empirical data, and questionnaire.
Results and Discussion. The authors conducted a questionnaire of parents from single-parent families in Saransk and Bolsheignatovsky district of the Republic of Mordovia. The subject of the study is everyday life, family culture and mechanisms of support for single-parent families in the conditions of urban and rural socio-culture. As a result, the conditions and factors that influence the spread of problems of single-parent families, their everyday features, are empirically revealed in comparison of social and cultural conditions of the city and the village. The article analyzes the support mechanisms that single-parent families can use in the city and in the countryside, taking into account their opinions.
Conclusion. It is empirically proved that the life, family subculture and problems of modern single-parent families are mainly defined by the socio-cultural features of the area of residence. The families are influenced by the location and the infrastructure of the locality, the employment of a single parent, and the forms of interpersonal communication in the socio-cultural conditions of the locality. It was revealed that in Saransk there are state, charitable organizations, where single-parent families can address when having problems. The research novelty of the study is that a comparative analysis of the features of everyday life, current problems and mechanisms of support for single-parent families in the urban and rural social and cultural conditions of modern Mordovia is carried out at the theoretical and empirical levels.

Keywords: sociocultural conditions, subculture, incomplete family, life, problems, support, Mordovia

For citation: Antipova AA, Kasarkina EN. Mechanisms of support for single-parent families in the sociocultural conditions in cities and villages in Mordovia. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2021;13;2:143–157. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.02.143-157.

Information about the authors
A. A. Antipova – Candidate Sc. {Sociology}, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Work, National Research Mordovia State University, aljona.ntpv@mail.ru,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9009-6066
E. N. Kasarkina – Candidate Sc. {Sociology}, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Work, National Research Mordovia State University, eienovik@mail.ru,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8211

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Original article
DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.01.79-89

Reflection of emotional experience in the culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples

Konstantin M. Romanov
National Research Mordovia State University,
Saransk, Russia

Introduction. The article presents the characteristic of emotional culture, reflecting the emotional experience accumulated by society. It is seen as an integral part of the overall culture. Its content includes psychological knowledge, practical skills in managing emotions and feelings, and attitudes toward people. The purpose of the study is to identify the emotional content of the culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples.
Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the author used the methodology of psychological analysis of the language as the most important carrier of emotional culture. As an object of analysis the dictionaries of four Finno-Ugric peoples: Komi, Udmurts, Mari and Erzia were also used. The subject of psychological analysis were the words reflecting emotional phenomena, for example, sad, angry, joyful, embarrassed, etc. The following analysis parameters were used: sign and form of emotional phenomena.
Results and Discussion. The analysis showed that emotional experience takes an important place in the language and culture of the relevant Finno-Ugric peoples. In their language, there are, on average, 315 emotional categories that reflect emotional phenomena that are diverse in content and form. This indicates the breadth of the emotional experience of these peoples. This indicator is characterized by slight deviations from the average value, which indicates the proximity of the emotional experience of these peoples. All the basic forms of emotional phenomena are reflected in their emotional experience: emotional processes, emotional phenomena, emotional properties and conditions, emotional properties of actions. Ethnic features were found in the quantitative ratio of these indicators. It was established that the dominant place in the structure of emotional experience is occupied by negative emotions with a minimal difference between these ethnic groups.
Conclusion. Emotional reality is included in the sphere of people’s interests and, in one way or another, is mastered by them. That is why it is reflected in the culture of any people, including the Finno-Ugric ones. However, the ethnic characteristics of their emotional experience and emotional culture remain unexplored. A promising task is to create a holistic concept of the emotional culture of every Finno-Ugric people, including knowledge about emotions and feelings, methods of managing them and attitude to people.

Keywords: man, culture, language, Finno-Ugric people, emotional culture, structure of emotional culture, emotional experience, ethnic characteristics of emotional experience

For citation: Romanov KM. Reflection of emotional experience in the culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2021;13;1:79–89 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.01.79-89.