Finno-Ugric World

Rodion I. Chuzaev,
Candidate Sc. {History},
Director of the Institute of National Culture and Intercultural Communication,
Mari State University,
(Yoshkar-Ola, Russia), chuzaevr@mail.ru

Introduction. Mari people formed in the IX–XI centuries AD and settled due to historical circumstances mostly within the Volga-Kama region. For many centuries it had two ethnonyms: Cheremis and Mari. In the first quarter of the XX century the representatives of the Mari people selected one ethnonym in favor of another one, which was authentic and complimentary; it turned out to be a very complex historical fact.
Materials and methods. The use of a systematic analysis of the sources of the studied period, an attempt to restore events in chronological dynamics, studying the events of the Mari ethnic history in the context of all-Russian history allows us to formulate the most objective answers to the research problems.
Results and discussion. One of the earliest precursors to the solution of the ethnonymic alternative was “Marla Calendar” yearbook, the first publication to receive official recognition, where the self-name of the people took its rightful place on the cover of the printed edition. The turning point in using of the ethnonym was the First All-Russian Congress of the Mari People in July 1917. The materials of the Congress, both in the original language and in translation into Russian, do not contain a single use of the term Cheremis. February Regional Congress of Mari (1918) made a historic decision to abandon the existing name Cheremis people and replace it with the self-name of the people, Mari.
Conclusion. The historical process of legitimization of the ethnonym Mari developed according to a certain pattern: “the position of a broad ethno-social base → a small number of the intelligentsia capable of formulating ideas → the agenda and resolutions of the national movement → legal acts, official record keeping, the language of science …”.

Key words: ethnonym; endoethnonym; exoethnonym; Marie; Cheremis; Mari ushem; Mari national movement; Mari autonomous region.

For citation: Chuzaev RI. The legitimization of the endo-ethnonym “Mari” in the first quarter of the XX century. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2020; 12; 1: 73–80. (In Russian)

Boris I. Chibisov,
Candidate Sc. {History}, Associate Professor, Department of Theology,
Tver State University
(Tver, Russia), chibisov.bi@tversu.ru

Introduction. History of the North-West area of Novgorod land at the end of the XV century attracted the attention of researchers mainly in the socio-economic aspect. This is due to the fact that Novgorod scribal books are dated by the end of the XV century. From the standpoint of socio-economic history their value is not in doubt, but from an ethno-historical point their onomastic content is underestimated.
Materials and methods. The main source of research was the scribe book of the Vodskaya Pyatina 1499/1500. The descriptive method of research is to identify and record the Baltic-Finnish oikonyms (names of rural settlements) and anthroponyms mentioned in the scribe books. Baltic-Finnish anthroponyms are identified on the basis of an analysis of formal indicators of borrowing the anthroponyms.
Results and Discussion. There are several areas where the Baltic-Finnish oikonymy and anthroponymy were concentrated, namely Korboselsky graveyard in the northern Prinevye, Lopsky and Terebuzhsky graveyards in the southern Ladoga, as well as Dudorovsky and Izhora graveyards south of the Neva. Archaeological sources record a significant presence of the Izhora antiquities. The presence of Karelians is noted in the northern Prievye and southern Ladoga. Slavic onomastic materials are recorded throughout Orekhovsky and Ladoga counties, but to mostly in the cities of Oreshka, Ladoga and their nearest areas.
Conclusion. By the end of the XV century the north-western graveyards of Novgorod land were inhabited by representatives of various ethnic groups: Slavs, Vodians, Izhora and Karelians, as evidenced by the data of anthroponyms and toponyms of the scribe’s books and confirmed by archaeological sources.

Key words: Novgorod land; Vodskaya pyatina; scribe books; Baltic-Finnish peoples; onomastics.

For citation: Chibisov BI. The ethnic composition of the population of Prinevye area and the Southern Ladoga area at the end of the xv century. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2020; 12; 1: 62–72. (In Russian)

Irina G. Napalkova,
Candidate Sc. {History}, Associate Professor,
Department of General History, Political Science and Regional Studies,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), zamisi@yandex.ru

Ksenija V. Kurochkina,
Master student, research fellow,
Research and educational center “Political analysis of territorial systems”,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ksen.kurochckina2017@yandex.ru

Introduction. Active promotion and positioning of the regions is a condition of their competitiveness, which actualizes the study of imaging practices aimed at creating an attractive image of the territory for various target groups: from federal elites and large businesses to tourists, highly skilled migrants, and the population. The image is based on symbolic capital, which is unique for each region. For Mordovia as a Finno-Ugric Republic in Russia, being unique is associated, firstly, with the use of ethnic symbols (elements of a national costume, Moksha / Erzia embroidery, musical instruments, dishes of national cuisine, etc.). These ethnic symbols actualize “ethnic” memory, national traditions and customs. Secondly, it is associated with the inclusion in the information space of the symbols of regional “pride”, such as “successful” fellow country people, whose positive image stimulates the processes of consolidation and identification. The purpose of this article is to study historical and modern personalities and images used in the formation of image-based visualizations of the Republic of Mordovia.
Materials and methods. The methodology was based on the hermeneutic, axiological and communication paradigms. Among the applied methods such focus groups were included into the research as “Image of the Republic of Mordovia: symbols, brands, images”; content analysis of foreign, federal and regional mass media, which chronologically reviewed the publications from 2014 to 2019, etc.
Results and discussion. The most recognizable historical characters of Mordovia who resonate with the audience are F. Ushakov, S. Erzia, M. Devyataev. Among contemporaries whose images can present the region, there are the representatives of the politicals (V. D. Volkov, N. I. Merkushkin, P. N. Tultaev) and sports (O. Kaniskina, V. Borchin, S. Kirdyapkin).
Conclusion. Using famous names that have a weak or implicit reference to the territory does not always lead to a positive emotional response (especially among visitors), which ultimately reduces the significance of this symbolic element for the republican image and strengthens its counter-narrativeness.

Key words: Republic of Mordovia; region; image of the territory; symbol; form; person-image; historical characters; modern personal symbols.

Acknowledgment: The study was supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research and the Government of the Republic of Moldova, and the project “The Modern Region in the Focus of Political Imageology (on the Example of the Republic of Mordovia)” (No. 18-411-130012 r_a).

For citation: Napalkova IG, Kurochkina KV. Historical and modern personality and image as an element of symbolic ethno-national capital of the Republic of Mordovia (2014–2019). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2020; 12; 1: 42–61. (In Russian)

Alexander N. Demidov,
Candidate Sc. {Philosophy}, Associate Professor,
Department of Philosophy, History and Theory of World Culture,
Samara State Social and Pedagogical University
(Samara, Russia), demidov@pgsga.ru

Introduction. The article considers the publication of a unique source for the history of the Mordovian people, the “protective memory” dated by 1572 addressed to the princes and Murzes of Mordovia. The “protective memory” is considered in comparison with the “romadanovsky” list belonging to the descendants of the Mordovian prince Romadan, seeking the return of the nobility, the non-criminal record of the Temnik-Kadom Mordva, published in the XVIII century, similar to the records of Tatar Sovereigns to the Temnik-Kadom Mordva.
Materials and methods. The author focused on studying the content of the source, revealing the identities of the recipients, analyzing the composition of the princes and Murz of Mordovian records, spelling of the names, origin, and family ties. The genealogy of the princes Edelevs is being reconstructed, the history of their kind is described together with the history of Mordovian Murzas and their representatives in the context of social and historical ties.
Results and discussion. The article describes the social situation of Princes Edelevs, the features of land ownership, land use, property and ownership of serfs. The article discusses the history of the discovery and use of the source in the clerical work of the aristocratic deputies’ assemblies and the Governing Senate at the request of the descendants of Mordovian princes and Muzes from the Edelev family to restore the rights of the noble state. It poses the problem of studying the social stratification in Mordovian society, the typology and origin of the Mordovian aristocracy, the peculiarities of the titling and inheritance of power, its role in the historical and social development of the Mordovian people, as well as its legal status in the Russian Empire. It compares the situation of the Temnikov-Kadom Mordovian Tarkhans, Cossacks, White Field and Alatyr princes and Mordovian Murzes, serving Mordovians and Tatars.
Conclusion. “Protective memory” indicates that in the XVI century there was a national Mordovian aristocracy, collaborating with Moscow and being in the service of Great Sovereigns, and subsequently becoming part of the nobility and other classes of Russian society. The choice of Mordovian princes ensured the relatively peaceful entry of Mordovian lands into the Russian Empire.

Acknowledgments: The author expresses gratetude to Valery Dmitrievich Kochetkov for help in preparing the article.

Key words: Mordovian murzes and princes; non-criminal letter; anoblation.

For citation: Demidov AN. The “Edelevsky” list of the “protective memory” of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich to the Mordovian Princes and Murzes in 1572. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2020; 12; 1: 29–41. (In Russian)

Anatoly N. Rakin,
Doctor of Philology, Senior Research Fellow,
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Research Centre,
Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Science
(Syktyvkar, Russia), anatolij.rakin@mail.ru

Introduction. The article discusses the nomination of the forest landscape in the Komi-Permyatsky language, a separate microsystem, as a part of the terrestrial landscape vocabulary. It has its own structural organization, certain composition of nomination objects and a specific set of lexical means for their nomination. The purpose of the article is to establish systemic features typical for this category of nomination only, distinguish it from other components of land vocabulary, determine the composition of the vocabulary, systematize this microsystem and identify the sources and main stages of its formation and development.
Materials and methods. The main source of the material was the vocabulary of the Komi-Permyatsky language contained in lexicographic publications. Additional data was obtained as a result of a survey of native speakers of the Komi-Permyatsky language using a specially developed questionnaire. It also used comparative, historical, synchronous-comparative, descriptive and statistical research methods.
Results and discussion. As a result of the linguistic analysis, a system for the forest landscape nomination in the Komi-Permyatsky language is presented. It is established that unambiguous and ambiguous names are distinguished at the semantic level among nominative units, which, as a rule, have a direct meaning. Based on the subject-conceptual content, the entire set of nominations, in accordance with denotative signs, is classified into six main subgroups. The primordial fund of the microsystem is characterized by the presence of all four components of ancient vocabulary: Pre-Perm, Common Perm, Pracomi and the proper Komi-Permyatsky. A part of the native vocabulary that arose during the period of the independent existence of the Komi-Permyatsky language and which does not have genetic correlations with other related languages is analyzed taking into account the specific features of structural and word-building system. As a classification criterion for monomial tokens, it employs the derivative or non-derivative criteria of the words. For compound names it employs the belongings of the components to the corresponding parts of speech. A foreign vocabulary of Komi-Permyatsky words used for the forest landscape consists of one type of borrowing.
Conclusion. The vocabulary of the forest landscape of the Komi-Permyatsky language has ancient origins; its formation and development proceeded over many millennia on the basis of internal resources. The number of borrowings increased in the late periods of the Komi-Permyatsky language as a result of the penetration of the corresponding number of words from the Russian literary language and its northern dialects.

Key words: Komi-Permyatsky language; vocabulary; designations of the forest landscape; primordial fund; borrowings.

For citation: Rakin AN. Forest landscape nomination in the Komi-Permyatsky language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2020; 12; 1: 20–28. (In Russian)

Natalya M. Mosina,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), natamish@rambler.ru

Yulia S. Paksyutkina,
Post-graduate student,
Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia (Saransk, Russia), yu.paks@yandex.ru