Finno-Ugric World

Maria P. Bezenova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Research Fellow,
Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Siences (Izhevsk, Russia) Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
(Moscow, Russia), mary_kaj@mail.ru

Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Udmurt written monuments are studied only partially at the moment. Today more than 400 names of pre-revolutionary Udmurt monuments are known, but most of them are still not described. An analysis of written monuments is necessary, because they provide important information for language reconstruction, and besides that, they help to determine the chronology of linguistic phenomena.
Materials and Methods. The description of morphological characteristics in the article is based on the previously identified graphic and phonetic features of the translation of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language. It involved the method of comparing the linguistic material of the work with the data of the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language, we revealed some features in the design of morphological indicators of plural, possessiveness, some case and verb forms, as well as pronouns.
Conclusion. A comparison of the linguistic data of the “God’s Law” with the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects confirmed the hypothesis regarding the dialectic affiliation of the written source.

Keywords: Udmurt language; dialectology; written monuments; morphologic features.

Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research grant No. 18-012-00119 “Creating an Interactive Atlas on the Uralic Languages” (supervisor Yu. V. Normanskaya).

For citation: Bezenova MP. Morphological features of the translation of the «God’s Law» (1912) into the Udmurt language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 246–254. (In Russian)

Introduction. The subject of the research is complex syntactic whole (CSW), the components of which are united by a chain connection. It identifies the structural correlation of this connection, and examines tools for its implementation.
Materials and Methods. The material of the study is prosaic works by K. G. Abramov. The main method is descriptive. It was used to analysis of structural correlation and means of expression in the organization of CSW in the prose of the writer.
Results and Discussion. The article revealed that chain connection can be defined by structural correlation, in other words, by which models form the members of related sentences that are related to each other, and by the way these models are expressed. It is noted that in the prosaic works by K. G. Abramov the following models are the most common: “subject – subject”, “subject – object”, “object – object” and their varieties. They can be made explicitly and implicitly. The means of expressing explicit communication are lexical repetition, implicit one is periphrasis and pronominal substitutions, adverb, etc. The writer also uses root words referring to different parts of speech (one of the correlating members of a sentence is usually a predicate).
Conclusion. The components of CSW combined by chain connection are an expressive and fine structure. Consistently developable repetition (explicit or implicit) “glue” these components and make the impression of visualization; they are designed for artistic effect. From phrase to phrase repetitive structures (words, word combination) vary its syntactic role as members of the sentence and they also vary its composition.

Key words: complex syntactic whole; connectivity; chain connection; structural correlation; means of expression.

For citation: Vodyasova LP. Structural correlation and expression of chain connection in complex syntactic whole (based on the works by K. G. Abramov). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 255–267. (In Russian)

Anatoly N. Rakin,
Doctor of Philology, Senior Research Fellow,
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Research Centre,
Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Science
(Syktyvkar, Russia), anatolij.rakin@mail.ru

Introduction. Landscape vocabulary refers to the basic vocabulary of any natural language. It nominates both natural geographical and anthropogenic objects that have arisen as a result of human activity. In accordance with the substantial signs (water, land) as part of the landscape vocabulary, it is possible to distinguish two macrosystems, namely hydro-landscape vocabulary and the vocabulary of the land. Each of these components has its own internal structure, which differ from each other both by composition and quantitative indicators.
Materials and Methods. The subject of linguistic analysis in the article is the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language (239 items), which does not refer to the category of proper nouns. These are nominal words that can find in the dictionaries of general vocabulary. The paper employed comparative, historical, synchronously comparative, descriptive and statistical research methods.
Results and Discussion. Based on the subject-conceptual content of nominative units, two categories of hydronyms are distinguished and considered in the work. One of them is system-forming or dominant; it represents the designations of the main types of water bodies in a given territory. The second group is concentrated around the dominant units and acts in relation to them as intrasystem formations. The basis of hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language are of primordial origin. Ancient layer of nominative units, consisting of proto-Uralic, proto-Finno-Ugrian, proto-Finno-Permian and proto-Permian words, has genetic correspondence in the Permian, and in the majority of modern Finno-Ugric languages. Later units appeared in the period of independent existence of the language, after its divergence with the closely related Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian languages. The beginning of the formation of a foreign-language component refers to the common-Permian epoch, most of the non-original names are late borrowings that penetrated from the Russian and Turkic languages. Other types of borrowings (Baltic-Finnish, Ob-Ugrian, Samoyed) are not available here.
Conclusion. The formation and development of the hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language took place for many millennia on the basis of internal resources. Ancient Iranian, Turkic and Russian languages served as external sources of its replenishment.

Key words: the Udmurt language; vocabulary; hydro-landscape items; original fund, borrowings.

For citation: Rakin AN. Hydro-landscape vocabulary of the Udmurt language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 268–276. (In Russian)

Natalia I. Guliaeva,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Research Fellow, Language Sector,
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Komi Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Syktyvkar, Russia), guljaevan@rambler.ru

Introduction. The article analyzes the communicemas with a negative emotional evaluation in the Komi language. The subject of the research is their implicit meanings and the intentions of communicants transmitted by these syntactic units. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe the most common communicemas with negative emotional evaluation in the Komi language, their pragmatic specificity, and features of functioning in speech. The results can be used for teaching the syntax of the Komi language.
Materials and Methods. The sources of the study were communicemas from Komi fiction, obtained by the method of continuous sampling. The main method was descriptive-analytical method.
Results and Discussion. Communicemas with a negative emotional evaluation arise in speech spontaneously and are an expressive reaction of the addressee, transmitting the impressions of what has been seen or heard. Usually a negative evaluation is accompanied by appropriate intonation: screaming, angry exclamation, threat, etc. These syntactic units can serve as a speech method for reducing the emotional stress of the subject. The emotional component, expressiveness in the meaning of the analyzed structures determine the impact on the addressee in order to obtain from the necessary, required reaction, which makes these syntactic constructions integral means of effective communication.
Conclusion. In the Komi language, the communicemas with a negative emotional evaluation dominate positive ones. Almost all constructions of this kind manifest national specific features, therefore they are difficult to be perceived by the speakers of other languages.

Key words: Komi language; communicant; emotional and evaluative communicemas; negative emotional evaluation.

For citation: Guliaeva NI. Communicemas with negative emotional evaluation in the Komi language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 277–283. (In Russian)

Mihail V. Mosin,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), finugor@rambler.ru

Natalya M. Mosina,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), natamish@rambler.ru

Introduction. In the languages of different systems, there are many cases when the morphemic structure of a word is not clear. As a result of a comparative analysis of a word with etymologically related words and their reconstructed stems and meanings, single-morphemic, root and polymorphic words consisting of two or more morphemes are distinguished. Considering the nature of structural changes in a word and their nature in linguistics, there is simplification, re-decomposition, truncation of the stem and others. The article describes simplification, one of the most common processes of changing the morphological structure of a word based Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) and Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages.
Materials and methods. The method of comparative historical analysis allows us to state that many Finno-Ugric foundations have retained the old morphological structure. After the collapse of the former linguistic unity for several millennia of independent development, significant changes took place in each of the languages that affected the morphological structure of the stem.
Results and discussion. In connection with the morphological process of simplification, the structure of the primary Finno-Ugric stem of a number of words began to differ significantly from their structural design in the later periods of the development of the Finno-Ugric languages (Finno-Permian, Finno-Volga) and, moreover, their current state. This process covered a large number of the stems of the general vocabulary of the compared languages. All simplified stems can be attributed to different periods of language development. The connection of the ancient Finno-Ugric language with other languages led to numerous borrowings of tokens with which various morphological and morphological structures penetrated and gradually established themselves in the Finno-Ugric language. The latter partially adapted in the Finno-Ugric language system, and partially continued to maintain a special look.
Conclusion. The morphological process of simplification took place at different periods in the development of the Mordovian and Baltic-Finnish languages, namely in the Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permian, Finno-Volga periods of their separate development.

Key words: morphological structure of a word; Simplification the basis of the word; Moksha; Erzyan Finnish; Estonian languages.

For citation: Mosin MV., Mosina NM. De-etymologisation as one of the varieties of change of the word morphological structure in the Mordovian languages. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 284–293. (In Russian)

Evgenii A. Tsypanov,
Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of
Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Syktyvkar, Russia) tsypanov@mail.illhkomisc.ru

Galina K. Lisovskaya,
Research Fellow, Sector of Literary Studies,
Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Syktyvkar, Russia), lisovskaja1330@gmail.com

Introduction. In Finno-Ugric Studies, as well as in Komi linguistics, the language of the founders of Komi literature, its features and artistic means of expression, its role in text formation are not well understood. Viktor Alekseevich Savin was not only the first Soviet Komi poet, playwright, composer and critic, but also one of the foundeers of the modern literary language. His works showed the great potential of his native language, laid down the tradition of creative writing, and became a role model for young poets and prose writers. The article analyzes the linguistic means of expressing the comic in his most popular works.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was a series of works by Savin, his poems, essays, and several plays, which are traditionally referred to as anti-religious in literary criticism. The authors used traditional methods of semantic analysis of vocabulary, component, and contextual analysis.
Results and Discussion. Not everything written by Savin is equally relevant and close to a modern reader, but many items of his poems, his dramas, and short stories are loved by readers and are still in demand. These are the anti-religious comedies “Rayin” (“In Paradise”), “Inastov lov” (“A Restless Soul”), “Wa Shyr” (“Water Rat”), and the poem “Arkirey” (“Bishop”). However, already in the post-perestroika years these works were not staged any longer at any of the state theaters of the Komi Republic.
Conclusion. Satirical poems, comedies, short stories, and essays by Savin have been checked by the time, and remained in the Komi literature’s golden fund, loved by readers and spectators. In connection with the 130th anniversary of the birth of Victor Savin, it is necessary to raise the question of reprinting his works and staging his plays.

Key words: Komi language; language of fiction; Victor Savin’s language; means of expressing comic and satirical

For citation: Tsypanov EA., Lisovskaya GK. Linguistic means of expressing comic in the works by Victor Savin. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 294–300. (In Russian)

Igor V. Bakhlov,
Doctor of Political Sciences, Head of the Department of General History,
Political Science and Area Studies,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), bahlov@mail.ru

Olga V. Bakhlova,
Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Department of General History,
Political Science and Area Studies,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), olga.bahlova@gmail.com

Introduction. The special sensitivity of the ethno-national sphere to fluctuations in politics, increased vulnerability to destructive influence, negative historical experience of politicization of ethnicity elevate it to one of the priorities of the work of Federal and regional state bodies. The object of this study is the state national policy of the Russian Federation, the subject is the process and instruments of its implementation in the Finno-Ugric Republics in the Russian Federation, taking into account the state and dynamics of the system of Federal relations. The main tasks are to identify the stages of the evolution of approaches and management practices; to characterize the content and guidelines of official documents; to determine the essence and direction of changes in the considered perspective.
Materials and Methods. The study is based on the normative and conceptual-program documents of the Federal and regional levels in state national policy of the Russian Federation, materials posted on the official websites of the state authorities of the Finno-Ugric Republics that are the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main research methods are system, comparative and diachronic analysis, non-formalized traditional analysis of documents and the method of political diagnostics.
Results and Discussion. The study of a set of documentary and theoretical sources allowed us to trace the dynamics of approaches and practices of the Finno-Ugric Republics in the implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation. Attention was focused on two stages: the periods of 2000-2012 and 2012-2018, with a historical retrospection into the post-Soviet period. It shows the experience and correlation of initiatives and actions of Federal and regional level; compares research feedbacks; reveals key trends in modification of programs and target tools.
Conclusion. The experience of the Finno-Ugric Republics in the Russian Federation demonstrates a significant coincidence with the all-Russian trend of the Patriotic-state approach, with certain nuances arising from the specifics of the ethnodemographic situation, the resource potential of regions and political elites and, to a lesser extent from their location.

Keywords: state national policy of inter-ethnic (inter-ethnic) relationship; special purpose tools; the subject of the Russian Federation; Finno-Ugric Republic; ethnocultural development; ethnic and social development.

Acknowledgement: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation of Basic Research and the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization EISI, project No. 19-011-31009 “Professional expertise in state national and regional policy and improvement of mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness of territorial management”.

For citation: Bakhlov IV, Bakhlova OV. Implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation in the Finno-Ugric Republics, the subjects of the Russian Federation: evolution of approaches and practices (2000–2018). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 301–324. (In Russian)

Aleksandr M. Matsuk,
Candidate Sc. {History}, Head of Laboratory of Archaeography and Publication
of Documents on the History of the Development of the European North of Russia,
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Research Centre,
Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Syktyvkar, Russia), almmatsuk@gmail.com

Marina A. Zhulinа,
Deputy Minister of Sport, Youth Policy and Tourism of the Republic of Mordovia, Candidate Sc. {Geography}, Head of the Department of Tourism,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), mzhulina@mail.ru

Larisa A. Zaitseva,
Candidate Sc. {Political Sciences}, Associate Professor, Department of Tourism,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), sama_la@mail.ru

Svetlana V. Saraikina,
Candidate Sc. {Geography}, Associate Professor, Department of Tourism,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ssarajjkina@rambler.ru

Liudmila V. Sotova,
Candidate Sc. {Geography}, Associate Professor, Department of Tourism,
National Research Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), sotova@mail.ru

Introduction. Today, much attention is paid to the study and effectiveness of the tourism potential of the territory. Such territories are regions having a common ethnic identity. In Russia, these are Finno-Ugric federal entities. Geographically, they are separated from each other, but the development of joint tourism products is a doable task. The closest Finno-Ugric region to the Republic of Mordovia is the Republic of Mari El. The object of the study is the tourism potential of the Republic of Mordovia and the Republic of Mari El. The aim of the study is to compare the potential tourism potential of these two Finno-Ugric regions of Russia for the development of tourism.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of research published by the academics of National Research Mordovia State University, within the framework of the priority research trach “Fundamental and applied research in the field of Finno-Ugric Studies”. The authors applied the following research methods: comparative geographical, statistical, cartographic, analysis and synthesis, generalization, expert estimates, observations, etc.
Results and Discussion. The Republics have an interesting rich cultural and historical potential, on the basis of which tourist routes have been developed both in the capitals and countryside of the region. The tourism potential allows the development of cognitive, cultural, historical, sports, religious, event tourism, etc. The key task for its development in the regions and the effective promotion of the latter in the tourist markets is the creation of a branded or basic route that can serve as the basis for the formation of various tours. The development of such routes allows us to solve the strategic problem of including significant objects showing the region in inter-regional routes.
Conclusion. Based on the study and comparative analysis of the tourism potential of the two Finno-Ugric regions, their opportunities for joint tourism activities are evaluated. One of the joint projects could be the development of an inter-regional tourist route that promotes the promotion of Finno-Ugric regions in the tourist market of Russia.

Key words: tourism potential; Finno-Ugric regions; tourism; comparative analysis; tourist sites; Republic of Mordovia; Republic of Mari El; tourist route.

For citation: Zhulinа MA, Zaitseva LA, Saraikina SV, Sotova LV. Comparative analysis of tourism potential of the Finno-ugric republics: Mordovia and Mari El. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 342–355. (In Russian)

Sergey G. Ushkin,
Candidate Sc. {Sociology}, Leading Research Fellow,
Department of Monitoring Social Processes,
Research Center for Social and Economic Monitoring
(Saransk, Russia), ushkinsergey@gmail.com

Vladimir V. Kozin,
Candidate Sc. {Sociology}, Leading Research Fellow,
Department for Monitoring Demography and Labor,
Research Center for Social and Economic Monitoring
(Saransk, Russia) vladimir.kozin13@mail.ru

Vladimir V. Frantsuzov,
Research Fellow, Department of Monitoring Social Processes,
Research Center for Social and Economic Monitoring
(Saransk, Russia), francuz-off13@yandex.ru

Introduction. The article tries to consider everyday sociocultural practices implemented by the population of a multi-ethnic region, ranging from hostility towards people of a different nationality at the place of work to nationalist propaganda in the media.
Materials and Methods. The empirical basis consists of the results of the sociological study “Ethnic and Confessional Situation in the Republic of Mordovia”, carried out by the researchers of Research Center for Social and Economic Monitoring in May 2019.
Results and Discussion. The results indicate that, regardless of nationality, the residents of the region demonstrate a rather high level of tolerance, which is manifested both in declarative assessments of the level of interethnic tension and a low frequency of dissimilative sociocultural practices.
Conclusion. The use of the adjusted scale of social distance (or the scale of assessment of loyalty) allows the authors to state that the factor of nationality is not decisive in the situation of kinship, while belonging to a different religion in some cases can negatively affect ethnic stability.

Key words: assimilation; harmonization; segregation; national relations; national policy; multi-ethnic region; ethnos.

Acknowledgment: The study was carried out with the financial support of the The Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Government of the Republic of Mordovia within the framework of the research project “National Communities of a Multi-Ethnic Region: Perspectives of Assimilation and Dissimilation” (No. 18-411-130014 r_a).

For citation: Ushkin SG, Kozin VV, Frantsuzov VV. Daily socio-cultural practices of inter-national interaction of population in multi-ethnic region. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2019; 11; 3: 356–365. (In Russian)