Finno-Ugric World

“The Biarmiya” by K. F. Zhakov in the translation into the Komi language: the image of Vermort

Ostapova Elena V.,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology
and National Education, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University (Syktyvkar, Russia), ost-1966@yandex.ru

Introduction. The article poses the problem of the accuracy of the translation of the book form of the literary epic “The Biarmiya» into the Komi language on the example of the name structure of Vermort, one of the main characters of the work by K. F. Zhakov “Biarmiya” The relevance of the work is based primarily on the lack of the research of this problem, the need to identify translational transformations while interpreting the text, as well as the characteristics of the reception of the work in reading in the Russian and Komi languages. The theoretical and practical significance of this work is based on the development of Translation Studies both in regional philology and in Finno-Ugric Studies in general. The novelty of the study is that for the first time the accuracy of the translation of the work by K. F. Zhakov “Biarmiya” on the example of the image of Vermort into Komi is analyzed. The object of the study is the work by K. F. Zhakov “Biarmia”; the subject of the study is the specific features of the translation of the image of Vermort into the Komi language. The goal of the work is to reveal the translational transformations of the image.
Materials and Methods. The main method of research is comparative with the use of elements of the static method. The concept of translation is closely connected with the notion of interpreting the text in another language.
Results and Discussion. A special role in the original book belongs to epithets and emotional paraphrases that mark the magical functions of the image of the singer-narrator. The translation into the Komi language of the hero’s name is characterized by brevity and conciseness. Substitutions and omissions lead to a narrowing of the artistic function of the image of Vermort. In the work by K. Zhakov “Biarmiya”, the image of Vermort, a singer-storyteller, reflects and evaluates his magical features, while in translation his song and poetic gift is mainly laconically emphasized.
Conclusion. The obtained results of the research allow making the necessary clarifications in the definition of the genre of the work. Further comprehensive comparative analysis of the original and translation of both the literary epic and the literary epics of the Finno-Ugric peoples will enable us to work out the most acceptable translation solutions. This work can serve to further develop comparative studies in the analysis of book forms of epics.

 Key words: Komi literary epic; transfer; the structure of the name; paraphrases; narrowing of the image.

 For citation: Ostapova EV. «Biarmiya» K. F. Zhakova v perevode na komi jazyk: obraz Vjermorta [“The Biarmiya” by K. F. Zhakov in the translation into the Komi language: the image of Vermort]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 59–63. (In Russ.)

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9. Ostapova YeV. Khudozhestvoa gizhöd vudzhödöm = Perevod khudozhestvennogo proizvedeniya: velödchan nebög. [Translation of the work of art: Velödchan Nebög]. Syktyvkar: Izd-vo SyktGU; 2012. (In Komi)

Metaphorical models of phraseological units with an evaluation component in Mari and French

Soldatkina Tatyana A.,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Communication, Mari State University (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia), infak.sta@gmail.com

Introduction. The article deals with metaphorical models of phraseological units with an evaluation meaning in Mari and French. The theoretical basis for this work was the works of such scholars as V. V. Vinogradov, A. I. Smirnitsky, I. I. Chernyshev and A. P. Chudinov. The practical value is to determine the features of the formation of phraseological units, using metaphors belonging to a special class. The object of the study is the metaphorical models of the phraseological units in Mari and French, the subject of the study is an evaluative component of the metaphorical models of the phraseological units. The purpose of the study is to analyze the samples of phraseological units selected by continuous sampling method for revealing the prevalent type of metaphors, with which the evaluation is most often expressed.
Materials and Methods. The method of continuous sampling; method of linguistic description; comparative method. The material of the study is based on 90 phraseological units, selected by the method of continuous sampling from the Phraseological Dictionary of the Mari Language by F. T. Gracheva and “Dictionary of Mari proverbs and sayings” by A. E. Kitikova and 150 French phraseological units, selected by the method of continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries of the French language.
Results and Discussion. The most numerous means of expressiveness of the Mari phraseology turned out to be comparative turns and metaphors. The metaphorical thinking and wide use of expressive means allow to draw a conclusion about the predominance of figurative perception of the world in the consciousness of the Mari people, about the axiological potential of the Mari phraseology. The most frequent way of forming phraseological units with a negative evaluation in French is zoomorphic and sociomorphic metaphors, anthropomorphic and natomorphic metaphors most often carry a neutral or ambivalent assessment.
Conclusion. The article identified the basic metaphorical models and the images used for phraseological units with an evaluation component in the Mari language. A zeomorphic and sociomorphic metaphor is used in peerative phraseological units, while neutral or ambivalent evaluations as characteristic of an anthropomorphic and nat- uralomorphic metaphors.

Key words: metaphor; metaphorical models; appraisal; semantics; phraseological units.

For citation: Soldatkina TA. Metaforicheskie modeli frazeologizmov s ocenochnym komponentom v marijskom i francuzskom jazykah [Metaphorical models of phraseological units with an evaluation component in Mari and French]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 64–72. (In Russ.)

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Types of repetition in Mari prose

Guseva Elina V.,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric  and Comparative Philology, Mari State University  (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia),
guseva_elina@ mail.ru

Introduction. Repetition is a stylistic device, when identical sounds, morphemes, words, the same syntactic structures (phrases and sentences) are used at a short distance from each other. The article considers different types of repetitions: lexical and syntactical, phonological: alliteration, assonance, and also parallel constructions. The object of the research is the repetitions participating in creation of verbal portraits in Mari novels are. Work is based on the deep analysis of four Mari novels.
Materials and Methods. The objectives to achieve the goals of the research set a complex of several complementary methods. The main method used in the research is descriptive. It was used with the elements of systemic-functional approach. With the help of this method the actual material was selected, to be studied with the use of component and contextual analysis. The application of these methods promotes the linguistic (lexical) material followed by its classification.
Results and Discussion. Wide opportunities of Mari syntax, as various groups of phrases and sentences, create a basis for appearing of syntactic stylistic devices which appear as a result of changes in the main models of components of syntactic level. Lexical and syntactical repetitions prevails in the material. Stylists classify lexical and syntactic repetitions according to their composite models. Anaphoric, epiphoric types of repetition of separate words, word-combinations, doublet words, anadiplosis, root and synonymic types of repetition were distinguished.
Conclusion. Classification of repetitions is carried out according to repeated elements. The statement of the repetition as a syntactic device can be considered as relative as not only the syntactic elements of the word-combination or sentence model repeated, but also units of phonological, lexical, morphological levels.

Key words: repetition; stylistic reception; Mari novel.

For citation: Guseva EV. Vidy povtorov v marijskoj proze [Types of repetition in Mari prose]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 73–77. (In Russ.)

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Social and ritual role and forms of organization of sex-age contacts of the Mordovian population of the Samara Region in the first half of the 20th century

Kornishina Galina A.,
Doctor of History, Professor, Department of History of Russia,
Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia), kornihina@rambler.ru

Introduction. On the basis of literature sources and field materials, the article gives the analysis the age specificity of the norms of collective communication inherent in the Mordovian rural population of Samara region and the corresponding terminology. The choice of this study is defined by the specific features of traditional ethical norms, which it is advisable to consider in an organic connection with a certain age and gender stratum (group) of the rural community. The age specificity introduces corrections into the system of ethical views and norms of behavior of ethnic and social communities.
Materials and Methods. The relevance of the study of this topic is defined by the realization of the enormous humanistic potential inherent in traditional norms of communication, which can become the foundation for moral and spiritual education of modern youth. The considered problem should be solved at the regional level, as the culture of Mordovian communication has a specific feature for its separate ethnoterritorial groups. This is especially true for multinational regions, like Samara region.
Results and Discussion. The research conducted within the framework of the article showed that the communication of representatives of different age and sex groups of rural society occurred both on weekdays and during leisure hours. It manifested itself in various forms, and their ethical norms were defined by the person’s belonging to a certain sexual, age, social group, which determined the status, social and religious functions, as well as behavior in the process of communication.
Conclusion. The analysis of field material allows to draw a conclusion about the unity of traditional forms of communication and the norms of collective and individual behavior of the Mordovians of Samara Region and other regions corresponding to them. Differences are revealed only in the form of variants of different forms of communication and behavior. The reasons for their emergence were the contacts of the Mordva with various ethnic groups, as well as the changes in socio-economic conditions of life.

Key words: sex-age groups; the socio-age status; suprydki; suspenders; Round dance (corovod, caragod); gatherings; ashtema; teiteren’ piya (“maiden beer”); Kudo beer (“beer house”); Rounds of yards; “Conversations”.

For citation: Kornishina GA. Social’no-obrjadovaja rol’ i formy organizacii polovozrastnyh kontaktov mordovskogo naselenija Samarskogo kraja v pervoj polovine XX v. [Social and ritual role and forms of organization of sex-age contacts of the Mordovian population of the Samara Region in the first half of the 20th century]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 78–85. (In Russ.)

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Landtaking of the Hungarians and their raids to the Balkans

Pylypchuk Yaroslav V.,
Candidate Sc. {History}, Junior Research Fellow, Department of the Eurasian Steppe,
A. E. Krymsky Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Vishnevy, Ukraine), pylypchuk.yaroslav@gmail.com

Introduction. This paper considers landtaking of the Hungarians and their participation in Balkan politics. The objectives of this study are: 1) an analysis of the foreign policy activity of the Hungarians in the Balkans in the IX–X centuries; 2) an analysis of the written sources of information about Hungarian raids.
Materials and Methods. We used comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods in preparing this article.
Results and Discussion. Details of campaigns against Byzantium in Hungarian sources back to Simon Kezai, although some sources differ in minor details. For the Hungarian conquest of Pannonia the major source is “Deeds of Hungarians”, which is different from other Hungarian sources. Details of the Arab-Persian source are uniform in covering the events of history of Hungarians and go to reconstructed arabian source “Anonymous note” of end of IX century. Data of Ibn al-Athir and al-Masoudi stands out of the other Arabian-Persian sources. Byzantine sources are not uniform and generally describ various events associated with the invasions of the Hungarians.
Conclusion. Until the end of the IX century Hungarians attacked almost all of their neighbors. Alliance of Hungarians with Byzantium was short and dated the end of IX. The war on the side of the Hungarians against the Bulgarian king Simeon had far-reaching consequences. To confront the Hungarians effectively Bulgarians had to get the alliance with Pechenegs. Expelled from Etelkёz Hungarians migrated and settled in Pannonia and crushed the state of Great Moravia during wars in the end of IX – beginning of X century. To campaign against the Romans in 934, Hungarians formed an alliance with the Pechenegs. The raids of Hungarians to Byzantium are comsidered as a chance to increase the coffers, which was the purpose of the camping dated 943 and 959. Hungarian campaigns were stopped of the Byzantinians in 961 and 970 years.

Key words: Landtaking; Hungarians; Byzantium Empire; Great Moravia; Pechenegs; Bulgarians.

For citation: Pylypchuk YaV. Obretenie vengrami rodiny i ih pohody na Balkany [Landtaking of the Hungarians and their raids to the Balkans]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 86–96. (In Russ.)

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Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in the second half of the 1930s: the main problems in the activities of the creative association

Kubantseva Irina A.,
Candidate Sc. {History}, Associate Professor, Library and Information Resources Department, Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia),
kubancevair@rambler.ru

Introduction. The article considers problems, affecting the further formation of the Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers (SSP). The relevance of the topic is not only academic, but also practical. At present, it is necessary to comprehend in a new way, such as of the history of Mordovian literature, the work of writers within a professional networking. The period of development of the branch is associated with a wide range of problems typical to the literary process of the period such as state policy in the field of literature; relations of the Mordovian intelligentsia to power; political transformation of literature trends; the formation of new Soviet Mordovian literature. The lack of relevant information about the creative association of the writers of Mordovia can lead to an inaccurate interpretation of the general trends and tendencies of the history of literature of this period. The research novelty of the research is that it attempts to analyze the existing problems in the activities of the Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in the context of the ideological background of the second half of the 1930s. Involvement of newly discovered documents from the RGALI and the Central Administrative District of the Republic of Moldova made it possible to trace the mechanisms of interaction of the writers’ organization with the Communist and Soviet authorities, as well as with individual authors. The object of our study is the activities of the Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in the second half of the 1930s, the subject is the problems that influenced the further development of Mordovian literature. The purpose of the study was to study the features of the functioning of the creative association of the writers of Mordovia in the second half of the 1930s.
Materials and Methods. In the course of the research, it uses systemic, interdisciplinary approaches, historical and functional as well as comparative and historical methods used in literary criticism.
Results and Discussion. The research revealed the reasons that led to political confrontation in the artistic sphere, the consequences of political repression and the creation of a system of language bilingualism, as well as the measures taken by the leadership of the writers’ organization to revive the creative work in the Republic. It shows the fears of the leaders of the organization associated with the failed attempt to eradicate the practice of formalism in literature when writing fiction. The lack of qualified critical articles caused concern. This track in the activity of the writer’s organization of Mordovia was considered a weak point.
Conclusion. The study of the work of the Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in the second half of the 1930s is an important aspect in the history of Mordovian literature. This is an attempt of a new view on the formation and transformation of the association under the authoritarian influence of the state system. This study does not end with a study of the problems of the Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers. The topic requires further research analysis.

Key words: The board of the Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers; agenda of the republican association of writers; ideology of the artistic sphere; repression of the intelligentsia; original works of art; novice writers.

For citation: Kubantseva IA. Mordovskoe otdelenie Sojuza sovetskih pisatelej vo vtoroj polovine 1930-h gg.: osnovnye problemy v dejatel’nosti tvorcheskogo ob”edinenija [Mordovian branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in the second half of the 1930s: the main problems in the activities of the creative association]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 97–101. (In Russ.)

1. Ocherki istorii mordovskoy sovetskoy literatury / red. col. VV Gorbunov i dr. [Gorbunov VV. Ed. Essays on the history of Mordovian Soviet literature]. Saransk; 1956. (In Russ.)
2. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv literatury i iskusstva [The Russian State Archive of Literature and Art] F. 631. Op. 6. D. 106. L. 60. (In Russ.)
3. Tsentral’nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv RM [Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia] (TsGA RM). F. R-356. Op. 1. D. 16. (In Russ.)
4. TsGA RM. F. 269-P. (In Russ.)

Sculptural compositions based on Mordovian choreography: an innovative aspect

Burnaev Alexander G.,
Doctor of Arts, Professor, Head of the Department of National Choreography,
Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia), burnaevag@mail.ru

Levina Ekaterina V.,
Master student of Pedagogical Education,  Saratov National Research University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky  (Saratov, Russia), catherine1995@yandex.ru

Introduction. The article considers the problem of introducing national themes. This problem is relevant for higher education. The novelty of the study can be seen in the title of the article. The innovative aspect is supported by a practical example, that is, a stage version of a choreographic work, which is significant for art history and pedagogical sciences. The article contains a full analysis of the ballet suite “Sculptural compositions based on Mordovian choreography”, presented in 2016 in Ogarev Mordovia State University.
Materials and Methods. The object of research is an innovative aspect of the choreographic work “Sculptural compositions based on Mordovian choreography”. The subject of the research is the staging synthesis of the plastic characteristics of Mordovian ethnic sculptures and their stylization. The aim of the research is to approbate the results of the choreographic work “Sculptural compositions based on Mordovian choreography”. Experimental, descriptive, analytical methods of research are used in the work for art, cultural and pedagogical analysis.
Results and Discussion. The results of the research show that the contemporary stage decision of a choreographic work not only helps to perceive living statues, composed by a choreographer, like real ones, it broadcasts the stage “avant-garde”, reflects the credibility of ethnic Mordovians. Applying this technique, the crude statics of the Mordovinian statues seem softer. Discussion of scenic works, their comparison with previous similar works confirms the hypothesis of the systematization of the author’s material and the implementation of the innovative approach in the practice of Mordovian choreography.
Conclusion. Traditional modern production in repertory politics against the background of existing national choreographic works in the modernist style are the basis of the creative work of the bands in Mordovia. In the prism of the production work, the proposed material can be used for acquaintance and practical application.

Key words: ballet suite; sculptural composition; sculptural plastic; choreographic production; choreographic miniature; choreographic text.

For citation: Burnaev AG, Levina EV. Skul’pturnye kompozicii na osnove mordovskoj horeografii: innovacionnyj aspekt [Sculptural compositions based on Mordovian choreography: an innovative aspect]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 102–109. (In Russ.)

1. Bryzhinsky VS. Serebrjanye cepochki [Silver chains]. Saransk: Mordov. kn. izd-vo; 2002. (In Russ.)
2. Burnaev AG. Mordovskij tanec v kontekste finno-ugorskoj tanceval’noj kul’tury: monografija [Mordovian dance in the context of the Finno-Ugric dance culture: monograph]. Saransk: Mordov. kn. izd-vo; 2014. (In Russ.)
3. Burnaev AG. Ogjust Roden – Stepan Jer’zja: skul’ptura i horeograficheskaja plastika [Auguste Rodin – Stepan Erzya: sculpture and choreographic plastics]. Centr i periferija= Center and periphery. 2014; 3: 74–81. (In Russ.)
4. Burnaev AG. «Jekzot» tanca O. Rodena i «neestestvennost’» baletnogo rakursa S. D. Jer’zi [“Exot” of O. Rodin’s dance and “unnaturalness” of the ballet perspective S. D. Erzya]. Finno-ugorskiy mir= Finno-Ugric World. 2013; 3: 67–74. (In Russ.)
5. Yesenin SA. Stihotvorenija i pojemy [Poems and poems]. Sobranie sochinenij v 5 tomah= Collected works in 5 volumes. Moskva; 1961; 1. (In Russ.)
6. Yesenin SA. Ne zhaleju, ne zovu, ne plachu: stihotvorenija, pojemy [I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry: poems]. Moskva: Eksmo; 2005. (In Russ.)

Features of museum presentation of material culture Finno-Ugrians of the Volga I thousand BC e. – II thousand AD e.

Pavlova Anzhelika N.,
Doctor of History, Head of the Department of History and Psychology,  Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia), angpan@rambler.ru

Pechnikov Andrei O.,
Senior Lecturer, Department of History and Psychology,
Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia), peschnikovao@volgatech.net

Introduction. The period from the I millennium BC till the beginning of II thousand AD takes a special place in the history of the Finno-Ugric Volga region as the time of formation of the Mari and Mordovian ethnic groups, their material and spiritual culture. The aim of the work is to study and generalize the experience of the presentation of the material culture of the Finno-Ugrians of I millennium BC. till the beginning of II thousand AD in the museums of the Volga region. It involves the following tasks: to determine the features of building the archaeological part of the exposition of museums, identify the items of material culture of Finno-Ugric peoples of the period and the features of their exposure.
Materials and Methods. The research employs both philosophical and general research methods.
Results and Discussion. Material culture of Finno-Ugrians of I millennium BC – the beginning of II thousand AD is represented in the museums of the Finno-Ugrian republics, as well as Tatarstan and Chuvashia. Republican museums conduct great educational and educational work. That determines the construction of the main part of the expositions in accordance with the chronological principle, which allows consistently introduce the stages of the history of the region, since ancient times. An exception is thematic exhibitions that reveal one or another side of the ancient culture of the ethnic groups.
Conclusion. The museums have different capacities (material and technical) to represent the ancient objects of material culture, which is associated with the size of the premises, and with the accents of the expositions themselves, when archaeological departments perform different roles.

Key words: museum; Finno-Ugrians; material culture; revitalization; early Iron Age; the Middle Ages.

For citation: Pavlova AN, Pechnikov AO. Osobennosti muzejnoj prezentacii material’noj kul’tury finno-ugrov Povolzh’ja I tys. do n. je. – II tys. n. je. [Features of museum presentation of material culture Finno-Ugrians of the Volga I thousand BC e. – II thousand AD e.]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 110–115. (In Russ.)

1. Bolshov SV, Bolshova NA, Danilov OV. Drevnie kul’tovye pamjatniki Marij Jel (po arheologicheskim, jetnograficheskim, fol’klornym i istoricheskim istochnikam): monografiya [Ancient cult monuments of Mari El (on archaeological, ethnographic, folklore and historical sources): monograph]. Yoshkar-Ola; 2008. (In Russ.)
2. Danilov OV. Yazycheskie kul’ty drevnego naselenija Marijskogo Povolzh’ja [Pagan cults of the ancient population of the Mariyskaya Volga Region]. Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. kn. izd-vo; 2016. (In Russ.)
3. Yefimenko PP. Srednevolzhskaya ekspeditsiya 1926–1927 g. [Mid-Volga Expedition 1926–1927]. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennoy akademii istorii material’noy kul’tury. = Reports of the State Academy of the History of Material Culture. Le­ningrad; 1929; 2: 168–174. (In Russ.)
4. Markov VN. Anan’inskaya problema. Nekotoryye itogi i zadachi yeye resheniya [Ananyinskaya problem. Some results and tasks for its solution]. Pamyatniki drevney istorii Volgo-Kam’ya= Monuments of the ancient history of the Volga-Kama region. Kazan; 1994: 48–88. (In Russ.)
5. Mordovskii respublikanskii ob”edinennyi kraevedcheskii muzei [Mordovian Republican Local History Museum]. Saransk: Tip. “Krasnyy Oktyabr’”; 2003. (In Russ.)
6. Myasnikov NS. Etnokul’turnyye protsessy v Chuvashskom Povolzh’ye v I–VIII vekakh nashey ery v svete arkheologicheskikh dannykh [Ethnocultural processes in the Chuvash Volga region in the 1st–8th centuries AD in the light of archaeological data]. Nauchnyye doklady / Chuvash. gos. in-t gumanitar. nauk= Scientific reports / Chuvash State Institute of Humanities. Cheboksary; 2013: 3. (In Russ.)
7. Pavlova AN. Semantika ukrasheniy drevnemariy­skogo kostyuma: monografiya [Semantics of the ornaments of the ancient Marian costume: monograph]. Yoshkar-Ola: RITS PGTU; 2008. (In Russ.)
8. Patrushev VS. Mariyskiy kray v VII–VI vv. do n. e. (Starshiy Akhmylovskiy mogil’nik) [Mari Region in the 7th–6th centuries BC. (Senior Ahmylovsky burial ground)]. Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. kn. izd-vo; 1984. (In Russ.)
9. Patrushev VS. Mogil’niki Volgo-Kam’ya ranneanan’inskogo vremeni [Cemeteries of the Volga-Kamia of the Early Ananian Period]. Kazan: OOO “Foliant”; In-t istorii AN RT; 2011. (In Russ.)
10. Patrusheva TS. Arkheologicheskomu muzeyu Mariyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – 20 let [20 years to Archaeological Museum of the Mari State University]. Mariyskiy arheografichesky vestnik = Mari archology newsletter. Yoshkar-Ola; 2009: 285–286. (In Russ.)

Magic actions in traditional psychological culture of the Mordovian people

Romanov Konstantin M.,
Doctor of Psychology, Professor of Psychology, Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia), famylypost@mail.ru

Introduction. The article gives the characteristic of the psychological culture of an ethnic group, which is considered as a part of a general culture, containing the psychological experience of the people such as: psychological knowledge, practical skills and skills of communication, relationships with people. In accordance with this, it distinguishes three structural components of psychological culture: cognitive, regulative-practical and value-semantic. Magical actions are an integral part of the psychological culture of any ethnos, including Mordovian one, but they remain poorly studied in psychology. The development of this problem has significant theoretical and practical meaning. The purpose of the work is to conduct a psychological analysis of magical actions on the example of the ritual culture of the Mordovian people.
Materials and Methods. To realize this goal, the method of psychological analysis of magical actions was used. The object of analysis is the magical rites and actions presented in the texts by G.A. Kornishina and N.F. Mokshin.
Results and Discussion. It singled out the structural components of magical actions such as: subject, object, process. It gives the psychological characteristics of situations that create the need for people in magical services. The regulation of people’s state of mind is stated as a main function of magical actions. It considers the problem of the origin of magical actions and determines their place in the structure of psychological culture.
Conclusion. The need for magical actions arises in situations of impossibility. In the structure of any magic procedure, one can distinguish three components: the subject, the object and the process. Magic is an integral element of the life of traditional society, included in all spheres of life. Magic is characterized by some ethnic characteristics, but they are insignificant and relate mainly to technical issues. The research of magic is important for psychotherapeutic practice.

Key words: magical actions; Structure of magic action; Psychological culture; Regulative and practical component of psychological culture; rite culture of the Mordovians; situation of impossibility; experience.

For citation: Romanov KM. Magicheskie dejstvija v strukture tradicionnoj psihologicheskoj kul’tury mordovskogo naroda [Magic actions in traditional psychological culture of the Mordovian people]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 116–123. (In Russ.)

1. Vasilyuk FYe. Perezhivaniye i molitva (opyt obshchepsikhologicheskogo issledovaniya). [Experience and prayer (experience of gene­ral psychological research)]. Moskva: Smysl; 2005. (In Russ.)
2. Volochkov AA. Kategoriya aktivnosti v psikhologii sub”yekta bytiya [The activity category in the psychology of the subject of being]. Sub”yektnyy podkhod v psikhologii= The subjective approach in psychology. Moskva; 2009: 239–255. (In Russ.)
3. Kornishina GA. Traditsionno-obryadovaya kul’tura mordvy: uchebnoye posobiye [Traditional and ritual culture of the Mordovians: tutorial]. Saransk: Izd-vo Mordov. un-ta; 2007. (In Russ.)
4. Libina AV. Sovladayushchiy intellekt: chelovek v slozhnoy zhiznennoy situatsii [Mastering intellect: a person in a difficult life situation]. Moskva: Eksmo; 2008. (In Russ.)
5. Malinovskiy B. Magiya, nauka i religiya [Magic, science and religion]. Psikhologiya religioznosti i mistitsizma= Psychology of religiosity and mysticism. Minsk; Moskva; 2001: 332–358. (In Russ.)
6. Mokshin NF. Religioznyye verovaniya mordvy: istoriko-etnograficheskiye ocherki [Religious beliefs of the Mordva: historical and ethnographic essays]. Saransk: Mordov.kn. izd-vo; 1998. (In Russ.)
7. Romanov KM. Psikhologicheskaya kul’tura lichnosti [Psychological culture of personality]. Moskva: Kogito-Tsentr; 2015. (In Russ.)
8. Romanov KM. Psikhologicheskoye soderzhaniye traditsionnykh svadebnykh obrya­dov mordvy [Psychological content of traditional Mordovian wedding ceremonies]. Aktual’nyye problemy sem’i u finno-ugorskikh narodov= Actual problems of the family in the Finno-Ugric peoples. Moskva; 2013: 99–107. (In Russ.)
9. Romanova ON, Romanov DK. Sravnitel’nyy analiz istoricheski rannikh form psikhologicheskoy kul’tury russkogo i mordovskogo narodov [Comparative analysis of historically early forms of psychological culture of Russian and Mordovian peoples]. Finno-ugorskiy mir= Finno-Ugric World. 2012; 3/4: 138–139. (In Russ.)
10. Tokarev SA. Ranniye formy religii [Early forms of religion]. Moskva: Izd-vo polit. lit.; 1990. (In Russ.)
11. Fraser D. Zolotaya vetv’ [The Golden Branch]. Moskva: Izd-vo polit. lit.; 1980. (In Russ.)

Inoculation of love to the mother land and work…

Rogachev Vladimir I.,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Literature and Methods of Teaching Literature, M. E. Evsevev Mordovia State Pedagogical Institute (Saransk, Russia), rogachev-v@bk.ru

Plays of Finno-Ugric dramaturges of Russia abroad

Abramov Vladimir K.,
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of History and Ethnography, Interregional Research Center of Finno-Ugric Studies, Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia), abramovvk@mail.ru

Essays in the works of M. I. Bryzhinskiy: settling the gendre and introducing creative innovations

Egorova Natalia V.,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Lecturer, Department of Journalism, Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia), tatacute@mail.ru

Introduction. The article considers the essays by M. I. Bryzhinskiy, in particular his work “Pingen’ gayd” (“Ringing of the Epochs”). The theoretical basis of the work was the works by A. I. Bryzhinskiy, V. I. Demin, N. V. Zinoviev, N. F. Mokshin. The practical significance lies in the identification of the main trends in the development of the essay in the context of Mordovian literature. The object of the study is the essayistic work of M. I. Bryzhinskiy. The subject of the study is the genre elements of the essay as a deeply individual form of perception of reality. The aim of the research is to reveal the ideological, aesthetic and stylistic originality of the works of this genre.
Materials and Methods. The research methodology combines historical-literary and comparative-typological methods of studying literature, as well as content analysis of the texts. The study was based on the works by M. I. Bryzhinskiy, research works of Mordovian scholars having theoretical and methodological significance (A. I. Bryzhinskiy, V. I. Demin, N. V. Zinoviev, N. F. Mokshin).
Results and Discussion. The development of the genre shows a new stage in the creative growth of word of artists. The artistic and journalistic work by M. I. Bryzhinskiy is an example of this. The depth and maturity of the views of the essayist are embodied in the work “Pingen’ gayd” (“Ringing of the Epochs”). The emotional and figurative side of the work, which accurately reflects the author’s origin in the text is emphasized along with the research focus of this essay, an analysis of important historical, cultural and educational issues of our time. The concentration on the most significant genre components testifies the regularity of the stabilization of the essay in the work of M. I. Bryzhinskiy.
Conclusion. On the example of the work “Pingen’ gayd” (“Ringing of the Epochs” by M. I. Bryzhinskiy, the genre elements of the essay were revealed as a deeply individual form of perception of the reality. The inherent openness, emotionality of conversational constructions (rhetorical questions, exclamations), dialogues are the main features of the genre and they all allow to fully characterize the work as the top of the essayistic creativity of Mordovian prose writers.

Key words: essays; Mordovian literature; personal worldview experience; historicism of prose; author’s origin.

For citation: Egorova NV. Jesse v tvorchestve M. I. Bryzhinskogo: stabilizacija zhanra i novatorstvo tvorcheskogo podhoda [Essays in the works of M. I. Bryzhinskiy: settling the gendre and introducing creative innovations]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 30–39. (In Russ.)

1. Bryzhinskiy AI. Sovremennaya mordov­skaya proza: (Dvizheniye zhanra) [Modern Mordovian prose: (Movement of the genre)]. Saransk: Mordov. kn. izd-vo; 1995. (In Russ.)
2. Bryzhinskiy M. Teshks: esse [Teschks: The Essay] = Sjatko. 1992; 8: 3–11. (In Mordovian)
3. Bryzhinskiy M. Ekho vekov [Echo of the Centuries]. Vstrechi-90. Publitsistika = Meetings-90. Publicism. Saransk; 1990: 69–111. (In Russ.)
4. Demin V. Tirin’ ras’kede, velen’ lomande… Syatko. 2009; 4: 56–95. (In Mordovian)
5. Zinoviev NV. Chelovek i vremya [Man and time]. Saransk: Mordov. kn. izd-vo; 1995. (In Russ.)
6. Mokshin NF. Mordovskiy etnos [Mordovian ethnos]. Saransk: Mordov. kn. izd-vo; 1989. (In Russ.)
7. Na perekrestke mneniy: sbornik [At the crossroads of opinions: collection of works]. Saransk: Mordov. kn. izd-vo; 1990. (In Russ.)

Pages of heroic history in the Mari drama

Boyarinova Galina N.,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mari Language and Literature, Mari State University (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia), markaf@marsu.ru

Introduction. The article studies the specific features of the Mari drama about the historical past of the Mari people and the region. In the introductory part it emphasizes the reason for the writer’s interest to the history: a person in difficult life circumstances as a center of artistic research. Hence the main goal of the article is to show milestones that have left a significant mark on the fate of the nation, and conflict situations revealing heroic characters. The author of the article attempts to group texts according to the chronological principle, topicality of the historical event; to give a brief description of the epoch; to analyze specific works, basing on the conflict of a drama and the characters of the main characters.
The object of the study is the creative legacy of the Mari historical playwrights; the subject of the study is exact dramatic works reflecting one or another stage from the history of the people.
Materials and Methods. The analytic methodology is rooted in systematic comprehension of the topic. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach that includes descriptive, contextual, and cultural approaches.
Results and Discussion. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its results, a specific analysis of the literary material can be used in studying the history of the Mari drama, will be of interest to the researchers of Finno-Ugric literature. A specific analysis of the works presented in the article in different aspects has already been covered by the author in other research works both in Mari and in Russian. With the results of the study, the literary critic spoke at conferences of various levels.
Conclusion. During the analysis on the subject of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the Mari drama on a historical theme affects a large amount of vital material. The history was in the focus of both the classics of Mari literature and of modern playwrights. Heroic dramas are characterized by acute conflict tension. The dramatic nature of such works is determined not only by the social activity of the characters, but also by the nature of situations, the reality of their human features.

Key words: drama; history; conflict; character; heroism; subject; problem.

For citation: Boyarinova GN. Stranicy geroicheskoj istorii v marijskoj drame [Pages of heroic history in the Mari drama]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 24–29. (In Russ.)

1. Boyarinova GN. Poetika dramy L. Yandaka “Shiy kalyk” (“Serebryanyy narod”) [Poetics of the drama L. Yandaka “Shiy kalik” (“The Silver People”)]. Mariyskaya dramaturgiya vtoroy poloviny XX – nachala XXI veka = Mari dramatic art of the second half of the XX – beginning of the XXI century. Yoshkar-Ola; 2012: 186–191. (In Russ.)
2. Boyarinova GN. Problema kharaktera v sovremennoy mariyskoy dramaturgii: monografiya [The problem of character in modern Mari dramaturgy: monograph]. Yoshkar-Ola; 2005. (In Russ.)
3. History of the Mari Region in documents and materials.Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. kn. izd-vo; 1992. (In Russ.)

Periodization experience of the national language policy in Komi Republic (from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day)

Tsypanov Evgeny A.,
Doctor of Philology, Deputy Director  of Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Scientific Center,  Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences  (Syktyvkar, Russia), tsypanov@mail.illhkomisc.ru

Introduction. The article aims to prove the periodization of the national language policy conducted in the Komi Region (Komi Autonomous Region, Komi ASSR, now Komi Republic) during the last century, beginning in 1918 and ending with our days.
Materials and Methods. The article is based on theoretical knowledge of the progress of the program, so called “zyryanization” in the 1920s. of the XX century.
Results and Discussion. Its outcomes formed the basis for the professional Komi culture and national identity of the Komi-Zyryans, as well as the phenomenon of stagnation and the processes of recoiling of the national language policy in the 1950s–1980s and the contradictory processes of the past three decades.
Conclusion. For the first time the article presents a structured periodization of three main periods which is rooted in a systematic and researched based analysis of the historical and philological material on the Komi language in historical retrospect. Theoretical conclusions will be useful to philologists and linguists, as well as historians, social scientists, and ethnographers. 

Key words: national language policy; periodization of the national language policy; Komi Republic; «zyrianization» program; Komi-Zyrian language. 

For citation: Tsypanov EA. Opyt periodizacii nacional’no-jazykovoj politiki v Respublike Komi (ot nachala XX v. do nashih dnej) [Periodization experience of the national language policy in Komi Republic (From the beginning of the 20th century to the present day)]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 17–23. (In Russ.)

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3. Petrunev A. Kabalatöm, ylnatöm. Vojvyv kodzuv. 2001; 4: 60–69. (In Komi)
4. Popov AA. Zyryanizatsiya (1918–30 gody) [Zyryanization process (1918–30-ies)]. Problemy funkcionirovanija komi jazyka v sovremennyh uslovijah: materialy nauch. prakt. konf. = Problems of Komi language functioning in modern conditions: Conference proceedings. Syktyvkar; 1990: 82–92. (In Russ.)
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Verbs of figurative characteristics of movement in the Khanty language (on the basis of the Synskij dialect)

Lelkhova Fedosya M.,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Leading Research Fellow, Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Research and Development (Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia), lelhovafm@yandex.ru

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the lexico-semantic group of verbs in dialects of the Khanty language; this group of motion verbs was not the object of special research. The verbs of this semantics were not considered in a comparative aspect. The paper makes the classification of these verbs in the English and Turkic languages: Chuvash, Tatar, Tuvan, and Uzbek. The subject of the study is the lexico-semantic group of verbs of figurative characteristics of the movement of the Khanty language. The goal of the study is to identify and describe the verbs with the meaning of the image characteristics of the movement in the Synskij dialect.
Materials and Methods. Based on the dialect of the Khanty language, the article considers the lexico-semantic group of verbs of the figurative characteristic of motion.
Results and Discussion. The classification of verbs of figurative characteristics of motion in the Synskij dialect of the Khanty language is presented for the first time. We have identified 5 verbs in the semantics of which the figurative component is incorporated: hrjõytti ‘grab by the arm (or by the collar) and drag by force, carry on quickly, drag along, carry awayʼ; lўnity, ‘drag along, go slowlyʼ, ‘go as a person wearing wet clothesʼ,  ‘go as a drunk manʼ; posyjty ‘go somehowʼ, ‘walk unwillingly, with lazinessʼ; shihrjemәty ‘go around shufflingʼ; shhivrjemәty ‘to walk, shufflingʼ. These verbs are not combined with adverbial modifier meaning action.
Conclusion. It touches upon about 17 varieties of figurative meanings, which are transmitted by special means, namely phraseological expressions, combinations of verbs with verbal participles, adverbs, verbal preverbs. The groups of figurative verbs of the Khanty language are compared with similar units in the Nenets and some Turkic languages; it reveals the meaning ​​specific to the Khanty language with the figurative semantics: meaning of human movement, moving by making frequent steps / large steps; rapid movement; movement of the kolobok (rolling); meaning ‘go bent’; onomatopoeia, etc.

Key words: Khanty language; verb; meaning; descriptive characteristic of motion; sema; motion.

For citation: Lelkhova FM. Glagoly obraznoj harakteristiki dvizhenija v hantyjskom jazyke (na materiale synskogo dialekta) [Verbs of figurative characteristics of movement in the Khanty language (on the basis of the Synskij dialect)]. Finno-ugorskiy mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2017; 1: 6–16. (In Russ.)

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