Finno-Ugric World

Download (pdf)

Original article

https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.017.2025.01.021-034
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/wskmuf
УДК / UDC 81’443:811.511.152.2

Morphonological Features in the Paradigm of the Main Declension in the Suzgar Type of Moksha Dialects in the Ruzaevsky Area

G. S. Ivanova
a National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation

L. P. Vodyasova
Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev, Saransk, Russian Federation

N. V. Ivanova
Admiral Senyavin Maritime Technical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. The Moksha dialects of the Ruzaevsky district in the Republic of Mordovia are unique in their composition, as they encompass all three types of dialects – äkaing, ekaing, and ikaing – within a relatively small geographical area. To date, the dialects of the Ruzaevsky region have not been studied in depth, and there is a notable absence of research focused on morphonological features in the paradigm of nominal declension. The aim of this study is to examine the paradigm of the primary declension in the Moksha dialects of the Suzgariy type and identify their morphonological characteristics.

Materials and Methods. The study was based on dialectal speech samples collected by the authors during field expeditions to the Ruzayevsky district of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as data from the dictionary collection of the Department of Mordvin Languages at the Philological Faculty of National Research Mordovia State University. The dialectal material was analyzed using a combination of synchronic-descriptive, comparative-historical, and structural research methods.

Results and Discussion. The analysis of the available dialectal material has shown that the Suzgar type of speech is an “eka” dialect. It is less archaic compared to the “äka” dialects of the Levzhin region. In the dialects under study, within the paradigm of the primary declension, under the influence of certain phonetic processes during the agglutination of relational affixes, the initial noun stems exhibit varied behavior: in some cases, the stem is preserved, in others, there is lengthening or shortening. Historical stems may be restored, there can be a systematic voicing of the final voiced consonant of the stem, the vowel of the stem is preserved in some phonetic positions, and in others, it is reduced to a mid-height vowel, with shifts in the articulation of the final vowel towards the back of the mouth.

Conclusion. For the first time in Mordovian linguistics, the authors explore the morphonological features of the dialects from this region. The study of the features of the Suzgar dialects within the paradigm of the primary declension will reveal the distinguishing characteristics of this dialect type in the area of nominal inflection and, to some extent, contribute to the understanding of the development of the dialectal system of the Ruzaevsky region. This article contributes to the study of the dialectal morphonology of the Moksha language and enriches the general theory of this linguistic phenomenon.

Keywords: Moksha language, dialect, declension paradigm, morphological features, base, affix, assimilative processes

Funding: The publication was prepared within the framework of the implementation of the RSF grant № 25-28-00193 “Digital description of Moksha dialects of the Ruzaevsky district of the Republic of Mordovia”.

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Ivanova G.S., Vodyasova L.P., Ivanova N.V. Morphonological Features in the Paradigm of the Main Declension in the Suzgar Type of Moksha Dialects in the Ruzaevsky Area. Finno-Ugric World. 2025;17(1):21–34. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.017.2025.01.021-034

Information about the authors:

Galina S. Ivanova, Dr.Sci. (Philol.), Professor, Department of the Mordovian Languages, National Research Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya St., Saransk 430005, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-543X, SPIN-code: 9672-5363, galina17-05@yandex.ru

Lyubov P. Vodyasova, Dr.Sci. (Philol.), Professor, Department of the Native Language and Literature, Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev (11A Studencheskaya St., Saransk 430007, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-6337, SPIN-code: 8388-6461, LVodjasova@yandex.ru

Natalja V. Ivanova, Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Lecturer, Department of the English Languages, Admiral Senyavin Maritime Technical Academy (189 Narodnogo Opolcheniya Prospect, St. Petersburg 198260, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-1003, nataliva1990@mail.ru

Author`s contribution:

G. S. Ivanova – ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims; preparation and creation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.

L. P. Vodyasova – ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims; development of methodology.

N. V. Ivanova – conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the data.

All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Submitted 02.01.2025; revised 16.02.2025; accepted 22.02.2025.

Download (pdf)

Original article

https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.017.2025.01.008-020
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ybeiab
УДК / UDC 336.741.21:811.511.1

The Etymological Layers of Currency Unit Names in the Mordovian Languages

S. Maticsák
University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Abstract

Introduction. The Middle Volga region was under the dominance of Turkic peoples for an extended period before becoming part of the Russian Empire in the 16th century. These historical circumstances significantly influenced all aspects of Mordovian life, as evidenced by the substantial number of Turkic and Russian loanwords in the language, including borrowed names for currency units. However, this layer of vocabulary has not been the subject of detailed study by historical linguists. The aim of this research is to trace the origins of Mordovian coin names and classify them into three etymological layers: Russian, Turkic, and Mordovian.

Materials and Methods. The article analyzes the etymology of 19 currency unit names, drawing on data from Mordvinic dictionaries from the 19th to the 21st century. The study employs the historical-comparative method, which has made it possible to distinguish three etymological layers.

Results and Discussion. The Mordovian people established early contacts with the Turkic populations of the region. Through trade relations, the term tengge entered the Mordovian language as a designation for currency. While it ceased to function as a monetary unit in the early 20th century, its plural form persists in the Russian language as dengi (money). Among Russian currency names, ruble and kopeck are commonly used in Mordovian, though research indicates that the Mordovian people were also familiar with and to some extent used the names of coins such as groshe, reshet, and treshnik, among others. Lexicographic analysis further reveals that certain words of Mordovian origin have either functioned or previously functioned as currency names. Examples include ašo (white), kičkeŕe (crooked), śav (awn), and čapo (notch). Particular attention is given to the Erzya word ur, which originally meant “squirrel”. Since squirrel pelts were used as a means of payment before the advent of formal monetary circulation, the term eventually acquired the meaning of “money”. A similar linguistic development is observed in other Finno-Ugric languages.

Conclusion. Further research on this issue should encompass the study of the etymology of currency names in other Finno-Ugric languages of Russia. Such an approach would provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of this lexical layer, the mechanisms and chronology of lexical borrowings, as well as the underlying motivations behind the naming of currency units.

Keywords: history of Mordovian culture, Erzya, Moksha, etymology of names of currencies, Russian and Tatar loanwords

Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

For citation: Maticsák S. The Etymological Layers of Currency Unit Names in the Mordovian Languages. Finno-Ugric World. 2025;17(1):8–20. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.017.2025.01.008-020

Information about the author:

Sándor Maticsák, Ph.D. (Philol.), Professor, Head of the Department of Finno-Ugric Linguistics, University of Debrecen (1 University Square, Debrecen 4025, Hungary), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-1162, Scopus ID: 56807207300, maticsak.sandor@arts.unideb.hu

Author has read and approved the final manuscript.

Submitted 24.09.2024; revised 09.12.2024; accepted 17.12.2024.

Download (pdf)

Ethnic Symbols of the Finno-Ugrians and Its Functions (on the Example of the Erzya and Moksha Semiotic Codification Systems)

V. I. Rogachev, N. V. Karabanova
Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev, Saransk, Russian Federation

Information about the authors:

Vladimir I. Rogachev, Dr.Sci. (Philol.), Professor of the Department of Literature and Methods of Teaching Literature, Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev (11A Studentskaya St., Saransk 430007, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/00000-0003-2830-8667, SPIN-code: 3220-7165, rogachev-v@bk.ru

Nadezhda V. Karabanova, Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Head of the Department of Literature and Methods of Teaching Literature, Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evseviev (11A Studentskaya St., Saransk 430007, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-5493, SPIN-code: 2482-4354, nadiakarabanova@yandex.ru

Download (pdf)

The Memory of the Hero of the Great Patriotic War and the Soviet Union, Ivan Borin, a Native of Mordovia, Still Lives

A. G. Burnaev
National Research Mordovia State University
Saransk, Russian Federation

Information about the author:

Alexander G. Burnaev (16.11.1954 – 30.10.2024), Dr.Sci. (Arts), Professor of the Department of Theater Arts and Folk Art Culture, National Research Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya St., Saransk 430005, Russian Federation), ORCID: https//orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-9699, SPIN-code: 6024-8005, burnaevag@mail.ru

Download (pdf)

Formation of the Mordovian Autonomy within Russia

V. K. Abramov
Independent Researcher

Information about the author:

Vladimir K. Abramov, Dr.Sci. (Hist.), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Mordovia, Independent Researcher, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-6502, SPIN-code: 5209-2424, abramovvk@mail.ru

Download (pdf)

Treasures of the Mordovian musical epic

O. A. Pashina
The State Institute for Art Studies, Moscow, Russian Federation

Book review: Boyarkin N.I., Boyarkina L.B. [The Mordovian Musical Epic. Field Research]. Saransk: Izdatel’stvo Mordovskogo universiteta; 2024. 500 p.

Information about the author:

Olga A. Pashina, Dr.Sci. (Arts), Academic Secretary, The State Institute for Art Studies (5 Kozitsky Lane, Moscow 125375, Russian Federation), ORCID: https//orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-5835, SPIN-code: 3630-7405, opash@sias.ru

Download (pdf)

In Memory of E. S. Kiuru – Scholar and Translator (on the 95th Anniversary of His Birth)

V. P. Mironova
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federetion

Funding: The financial support for the research was carried fulfillment of the state order (№124022000077-1).

Information about the author:

Valentina P. Mironova, Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Senior Research Fellow, Folklore and Literary Studies Sector (with a Phonogram Archive), Institute of Language, Literature and History, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (11 Pushkinskaya St., Petrozavodsk 185910, Russian Federation), ОRCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-5561, SPIN-code: 5058-0427, tutkija@mail.ru

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.484-496
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/nsnugl
УДК / UDC 398.5

Ethnofuturism and Traditional Udmurt Ideas about the Future

B. V. Anfinogenov
Research Institute of National Education, Izhevsk, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. The problem of the traditional ideas of the Udmurt people about time and space, including their attitude to the future, is significant for modern science. Despite the numerous publications on this issue, there is practically no research on the refraction of traditional Udmurt ideas about the future in the Udmurt ethnofuturist movement, and their vision of the future of ethnic culture in this context. The purpose of the study is to try to fill this gap by examining and analyzing exactly what traditional ideas exist in Udmurt culture and how ethnofuturists use them in their work.

Materials and Methods. The research material was the works devoted to the topic of the future in the traditional Udmurt culture, as well as sources (articles in periodicals, collections, catalogs), where the vision of the future by ethnofuturists is presented. The study was conducted based on a comparative analysis of the sources and the phenomena described in them. During field research, the interview method was used.

Results and Discussion. The study proves that some modern manifestations and forms of the ethnofuturist movement are associated with the image of the future in traditional culture. The traditional Udmurt model of a bright and ideal future is presented in the concepts of ethnofuturist festivals and the manifesto of ethnofuturists. In traditional culture, there are also examples of a negative (eschatological) scenario of the future, recorded, for example, in the ending of the Udmurt epic and some legends. A reflection on the future of their people close to them is found in the works of poets and writers close to the ethnofuturist movement.

Conclusion. The author’s conclusions contribute to the development of modern ethnological science in the context of studying the relationship of new cultural phenomena in the life of the Udmurt people and their traditional culture and worldview. The materials of the article can be useful to ethnologists, cultural scientists, art historians, folklorists, socio-cultural workers, and anyone interested in modern Udmurt ethnic culture.

Keywords: ethno-futurism, Udmurtia, Udmurts, ethnic culture, image of the future, Udmurt folklore, folk prognostication, modern ethnic culture

Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

For citation: Anfinogenov B.V. Ethnofuturism and Traditional Udmurt Ideas about the Future. Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):484–496. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.484-496

Information about the author:

Bogdan V. Anfinogenov, Junior Researcher, Research Institute of National Education (73 M. Gorky St., Izhevsk 426051, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.оrg/0009-0000-0861-3504, SPIN-code: 2500-6460, bogdananf@mail.ru

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.471-483
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ngaqnc
УДК / UDC 398.42:008

Sacred Spaces of the Mari Culture. Signs and Typologization of the Mythologized Landscape

G. Yu. Ustyantsev
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation

D. Yu. Efremova
Timofey Evseev National Museum of the Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation

T. L. Serebrennikova
GBOU “School No. 1329”, Moscow, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. Amid growing interest from the public and researchers in the pre-Christian, nature-centered beliefs of the peoples of the Volga region, issues related to the perception of natural landscapes and their use in ritual practices have gained renewed relevance. The study aims to propose key factors for the qualitative description of the sacred landscape of contemporary Mari communities: the degree of development, the orderliness of the locus, its mythological image, and its role in ritual practices. Based on these factors, the authors present their own typology of sacred toposes within Mari culture.

Materials and Methods. The article is based on the field materials of the Department of Ethnology (the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University) in 1995, 2021-2023 and the Complex Expedition of the National Museum (the Republic of Mari El named after T. Evseev). The geography of research covers Mari El, Bashkortostan, and the Kirov region. The main methods are the collection of texts about the landscapes (folklore texts, interviews) and their narratological analysis, visual fixation of monuments.

Results and Discussion. As criteria for describing spaces the authors analyze their physical characteristics, the image in folklore, the practices and mythological characters associated with them, and the degree of anthropogenic influence. The ambivalent properties of sacred landscapes and the process of creating new sacred toposes are revealed in the article. The internal organization of sacred groves and their role in the religious life of local communities are described in detail. The authors identify five categories of spaces: sacred groves; unorganized sacred loci; symbolic burial sites of the Mari heroes; “bad places”; active and abandoned burial sites. At the same time, the researchers note the variability of natural landscape objects and the possibility of combining features of different types in one monument.

Conclusion. The conclusions made by the authors contribute to the development of ethnological research of Mari religious practices and mythological representations. The materials of the article can be useful in describing and systematizing the landscapes of traditional culture, in studying the interaction of people and nature within the framework of ritual actions.

Keywords: sacred geography, sacred groves, traditional Mari beliefs, Mari mythology, Mari folklore

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Ustyantsev G.Yu., Efremova D.Yu., Serebrennikova T.L. Sacred Spaces of the Mari Culture. Signs and Typologization of the Mythologized Landscape. Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):471–483. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.471-483

Information about the authors:

German Yu. Ustyantsev, Cand.Sci. (Hist.), Assistant, Department of Ethnology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (27, bld. 4 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-312, SPIN-code: 6318-2400, ustyan-93@mail.ru

Diana Yu. Efremova, Cand.Sci. (Hist.), Deputy Director for Research, Timofey Evseev National Museum of the Republic of Mari El (153 Sovetskaya St., Yoshkar-Ola 424006, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-5001, SPIN-code: 7558-3396, diana-efremva@yandex.ru

Tamara L. Serebrennikova, Teacher, GBOU “School 1329” (10 Nikulinskaya St., Moscow 119602, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3553-3620, serebrennikovatl@sch1329.ru

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.459-470
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/msbrzb
УДК / UDC 94(470.51) ̒ ̒ 1989/2021’’:314.5

Marriage Structure of the Population of Udmurtia in 1989–2021

A. I. Azhigulova
Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation

S. N. Uvarovb
Udmurt State Agricultural University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. The article presents, for the first time, a historical and demographic study of the marital status of the population of Udmurtia from 1989 to 2021. The relevance of the topic is due to its insufficient study and the need to understand the reasons behind the sharp decline in the Udmurt population over the last two inter-census periods. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of changes in the marital structure of the Udmurt population in the Udmurt Republic during the period from 1989 to 2021.

Materials and Methods. The methodological foundation of the study is based on general scientific methods such as analysis, comparison, induction, and deduction. The following specialized scientific methods were also applied: comparative-historical, chronological, and statistical. The source base includes both published and unpublished census materials.

Results and Discussion. After reaching its peak in 1989, the population of Udmurts, as well as the proportion of those who are married, began to decline. However, among the Udmurts, the latter indicator decreased less significantly compared to the entire population of Udmurtia. Despite the widespread increase in cohabitation, it is too early to speak of informal relationships replacing the institutions of marriage and family. Moreover, current trends indicate growing trust in official marriages. Since 2002, both the number and proportion of those who have never been married have decreased. Marriages among Udmurts were more stable, as evidenced by the lower proportion of divorces.

Conclusion. Compared to the overall population of Udmurtia, the marital status of the Udmurt people was characterized by a lower proportion of divorced individuals, the absence of cohabitation trends, and fewer instances of remarriage. Largely due to these factors, the birth rate among the Udmurt people is higher. However, certain factors, such as the increasing proportion of divorced/separated individuals and the growing number of widowed Udmurts, raise concerns, highlighting the need for improvements in state policy regarding family and marriage.

Keywords: institution of marriage, marital structure, marital status, Udmurts, Udmurt Republic

Funding: The research was conducted with the support of the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 23-28-01604 (available at https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-01604/) at the Udmurt State Agricultural University.

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Azhigulova A.I., Uvarov S.N. Marriage Structure of the Population of Udmurtia in 1989–2021. Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):459–470. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.459-470

Information about the authors:

Albina I. Azhigulova, Cand.Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor of the Department of General History and Methods of Teaching History and Social Studies, Orenburg State Pedagogical University (19 Sovetskaya St., Orenburg 460014, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1345-8447, SPIN-code: 3390-8207, azhigylova@mail.ru

Sergey N. Uvarov, Cand.Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines, Udmurt State Agricultural University (11 Studencheskaya St., Izhevsk 426069, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-9245, SPIN-code: 7293-2112, sergey.uvarov@mail.ru

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.444-458
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/krpjmq
УДК / UDC 303.423(=511.1)

Finns-Ingermanlanders and Cross-Cultural Dynamics of the Suburban Area
of Saint Petersburg

V. L. Martynov, , I. E. Sazonova
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
O. A. Balabeykinab, L. A. Korolyovb
Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. Cross-culturality has always been and remains a defining feature of territories where representatives of various ethno-cultural groups interact. In Northwestern Russia, this process has reached its greatest development in Saint Petersburg and its suburbs. While the cross-culturality of the city has been studied to some extent by researchers, the intersection of cultures in the suburban area has been explored far less frequently. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize manifestations of cross-culturality in the suburban areas of Saint Petersburg, using the residential zones of the Finns-Ingermanlanders as a case study..

Materials and Methods. The research object is the areas of compact settlement of the Finns-Ingermanlanders within the suburban zone of Saint Petersburg, where almost the entire subethnic group was concentrated. To assess the cross-cultural characteristics of the selected region, an original system of indicative indicators was developed and applied, serving as the basis for a criterion analysis. The materials utilized include census data, publicly available information from official websites of various organizations (religious, museum-related, etc.), as well as data collected in the field through the participant observation method.

Results and Discussion. The authors tested a methodology for the criterial assessment of a region’s cross-cultural characteristics, using the example of the area inhabited by the Finns-Ingermanlanders population in Saint Petersburg and certain districts of the Leningrad Region. Indicators such as the quantitative and qualitative components of the toponymic system, the number of Lutheran religious infrastructure objects, the ethnic composition of the population in historical and contemporary contexts, and the presence of museum exhibits and tourist routes thematically linked to the material culture of the Finnish-Ingrians were utilized.

Conclusion. The authors’ conclusions contribute to the development of research on ethno-confessional topics related to Finns who lived in areas adjacent to St. Petersburg. The proposed model for assessing the cross-cultural nature of the region is universal and can be applied to other locations. The materials of the article may be useful in the development of thematic tourist routes covering the suburban areas of St. Petersburg.

Keywords: сross-culturalism, St. Petersburg, suburban zone, Finns-Ingermanlanders, settlement system, toponymy, Evangelical Lutheran Church

Funding: The research was carried out at the expense of a joint grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the St. Petersburg Science Foundation (project No. 23-27-10001 “St. Petersburg Suburbs: Nature and people”).

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Martynov V.L., Balabeykina O. A., Korolyov L. A., Sazonova I.E. Finns-Ingermanlanders and Cross-Cultural Dynamics of the Suburban Area of Saint Petersburg. Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):444–458. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.444-458

Information about the authors:

Vasilii L. Martynov, Dr.Sci. (Geogr.), Professor of the Economic Geography Department, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (48 Moyka Embankment, St. Petersburg 191186, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.оrg/0000-0002-7741-1719, SPIN-код: 9227-2168, lwowich@herzen.spb.ru

Olga A. Balabeykina, Associate Professor of th Department of Regional Economics and Environmental Management, Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics (21 Sadovaya St., St. Petersburg 191023, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.оrg/0000-0001-9520-8880, SPIN-код: 4227-4627, olga8011@yandex.ru

Luka A. Korolyov, Bachelor of International Relations, Department of International Relations and Political Science, Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics (21 Sadovaya St., St. Petersburg 191023, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1117-0464, lukakorolyov@gmail.com

Irina E. Sazonova, Cand.Sci. (Geogr.), Associate Professor, Department of Economic Geography, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (48 Moyka Embankment, St. Petersburg 191186, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.оrg/0000-0002-3456-1223, SPIN-код: 2903-0743, iesazonova@herzen.spb.ru

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.431-443
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/lchzvb
УДК / UDC 314.9(=511.1)

Ethnodemographic Processes among the Udmurts of the Kirov Region during the Soviet Period

N. V. Chernysheva
Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. Historically, Russian society has developed as a multiethnic one, and today its composition is undergoing changes largely driven by assimilation processes. In this context, the topic of ethnodemography is relevant yet underexplored. For a long time in the USSR, demographic data were classified, and later it was revealed that existing sources contain information on ethnodemographic processes only for certain years, with incomplete records. Therefore, researchers need to utilize additional information sources and interdisciplinary studies, which may help fill existing statistical gaps. The aim of this study is to analyze demographic processes among the Udmurts of the Kirov region from its formation until the collapse of the USSR.

Materials and Methods. The analysis was based on data from the All-Union Population Censuses of 1926, 1937, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, and 1989, as well as from the All-Russian Population Censuses of 2002, 2010, and 2020, along with data from the ongoing registration of natural population movement. Various research methods were employed during the study. General scientific methods of analysis, systematization, and synthesis allowed for the identification of major demographic changes among the Udmurts. Special historical methods, in particular the historical-comparative method, were used to correlate reproduction trends among the Udmurts and the regional population as a whole. The historical-genetic method helped define ethno-demographic trends, while the historical-systemic method was used in analyzing the characteristics of reproduction processes.

Results and Discussion. In the course of the research, the main ethnodemographic characteristics of the Udmurt people in the Kirov region during the Soviet period were identified. It was found that demographic changes followed all-Russian and regional trends; however, the Udmurts exhibited specific features in population reproduction and assimilation processes.

Conclusion. By the time the Kirov Region was established, the number and proportion of Udmurts within the region had significantly decreased, primarily due to administrative and territorial reforms. Overall, during the Soviet period, the Udmurt population in the region somewhat declined in absolute terms, though its proportion slightly increased. This was influenced by the completion of the demographic transition, assimilation processes, and active migration to urban areas. The composition of Udmurt families has gradually shifted, with an increasing number of ethnically mixed marriages. These processes contributed to changes in the demographic situation.

Keywords: USSR, Kirov region, population census, ethnodemographic processes, Udmurts

Funding: The research was conducted with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-28-01604, available at https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01604/, at the Udmurt State Agrarian University.

Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

For citation: Chernysheva N.V. Ethnodemographic Processes among the Udmurts of the Kirov Region during the Soviet Period. Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):431–443. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.431-443

Information about the аuthor:

Natalia V. Chernysheva, Dr.Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, Head of Historical Demography Department Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (6, bld. 1 Fotieva St., Moscow 119333, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1492-5368, SPIN-code: 5179-4022, natiche84@mail.ru

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.417-430
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/lghfsd
УДК / UDC 81’366.58:811.511.131

K. S. Efimov
Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. As of today, the grammatical and temporal semantics of the past tense verb forms in the Udmurt language, traditionally designated as “1st past tense” and “2nd past tense”, remain insufficiently studied in academic and scholarly literature. The main difference between these grammatical forms, according to the normative grammars of the Udmurt language, is the presence of an evidential seme in the 2nd past tense. However, information on the nature of the flow of each of the two grammatical tenses, i.e. on the temporal semantics, is missing. The purpose of the research is to identify the meanings expressed by the synthetic forms of the past tense of the Udmurt verb, as well as to specify their similarities and differences.

Materials and Methods. The material for the study consisted of sentences from literary Udmurt texts, extracted from the National Corpus of the Udmurt language. More than 5,000 instances of verb usage in synthetic past tense forms were analyzed. The methodological framework of the study included the methods of continuous sampling, contextual analysis, typological, and descriptive approaches.

Results and Discussion. The paper presents, for the first time, an analysis of two synthetic forms of the past tense verb in the Udmurt language from the perspective of temporal and evidential semantics. The temporal semantics of the forms considered are identical: both can express perfect meanings (statal perfect, actional perfect, past with future meaning) as well as aorist meanings (indifferent past and narrative past). A distinctive feature of the Udmurt preterite is its ability to convey additional temporal meanings when combined with other grammatical categories of the Udmurt verb. Regarding evidential semantics, one form is evidentially neutral, while the other expresses the meaning of indirect evidentiality.

Conclusion. The forms we have examined can be identified as a preterite with fairly broad temporal functionality. From the perspective of evidential semantics, it is confirmed that the key difference between these two verb forms lies in the presence of an evidential seme in one of them. According to grammatical typology, the 1st past tense can be designated as the indicative preterite, while the 2nd past tense can be referred to as the evidential preterite. Further research into these grammatical forms and their inter-categorial relationships will significantly expand our understanding of the Udmurt verb tense system.

Keywords: Udmurt language, grammar of the Udmurt language, verb, past tense, preterite, perfect, aorist, temporality, evidentiality

Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

For citation: Efimov K.S. Typology of Synthetic Forms of the Past Tense of the Verb in the Udmurt Language (Evidentiality and Temporality). Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):417–430. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.417-430

Information about the аuthor:

Kirill S. Efimov, Postgraduate Student of the Department of General and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, Udmurt State University (1 University St., Izhevsk 426034, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-2706, SPIN-code: 9550-3913, kirill_udm@vk.com

Download (pdf)

Original article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.408-416
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/nifzpy
УДК / UDC 81-22(=511.152)

Comparative Analysis of Phraseological Units with Somatic Components in the Erzya and Finnish Languages

N. M. Mosina, E. D. Karpunina
National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. The article considers a comparative study of somatic elements within phraseological units in two distantly related languages, Erzya and Finnish, aiming to identify common features and distinctive characteristics in their semantics. The relevance of this research lies in the need to explore the relationship between linguistic systems and the influence of somatic imagery on the formation of phraseological expressions. Studying somatic phraseological units significantly contributes to understanding the mindset and worldview of the peoples, as well as the linguistic and cultural connections between them. The article analyzes phraseological constructions containing somatic lexemes in the two distantly related languages (Erzya and Finnish), focusing on their functioning in the context of cultural identity and interaction. However, the material under study remains insufficiently explored from a comparative perspective. The objective of this research is to uncover the similarities, differences, and linguocultural aspects of phraseological units with somatic vocabulary in Erzya and Finnish.

Materials and Methods. The research material consisted of idioms and proverbs extracted from phraseological dictionaries, collections, and educational resources on the Erzya and Finnish languages. Using the lexicographic method, stable lexical units with somatic components were identified and analyzed. The method of continuous sampling was employed to extract these units. Componential and etymological analyses were conducted to investigate the origins of the somatic units in detail and to identify their shared semantic characteristics in the Erzya and Finnish languages.

Results and Discussion. The authors have identified phraseological units with the most frequent somatic components and conducted an etymological analysis of somatic vocabulary to uncover common roots and historical connections reflecting cultural characteristics. The meanings of these somatisms helped distinguish three semantic groups of phraseological expressions, find examples of full and partial equivalents, highlight the representing concepts, and determine individual nuances in their interpretation by the Erzya and Finnish peoples.

Conclusion. A comparative analysis of phraseological units with somatisms in the Erzya and Finnish languages reveals both common types and mechanisms, as well as unique features inherent to these linguistic systems. The conducted study contributes to the expansion of theoretical aspects in the fields of linguoculturology and phraseology, particularly in the context of the interaction between the two cultures, with an emphasis on the preservation and transformation of the semantics of somatic components in stable lexical units. The practical significance of the study lies in its potential application in the teaching and learning of languages, especially in the areas of lexicology of Finno-Ugric languages, intercultural communication, and translation.

Keywords: somatisms, phraseological units, Erzya language, Finnish language, comparative analysis

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Mosina N.M., Karpunina E.D. Comparative Analysis of Phraseological Units with Somatic Components in the Erzya and Finnish Languages. Finno-Ugric World. 2024;16(4):408–416. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.016.2024.04.408-416

Information about the authors:

Natalya M. Mosina, Dr.Sci. (Philol.), Professor of the Department of English for Professional Communication, National Research Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya St., Saransk 430005, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-5438, SPIN-code: 2575-6811, natamish@rambler.ru

Ekaterina D. Karpunina, Postgraduate Student of the Department of English for Professional Communication, National Research Mordovia State University (68 Bolshevistskaya St., Saransk 430005, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4830-4430, edkarpunina@yandex.ru