Finno-Ugric World

Galina R. Kondina
Yugra State University

Valentina N. Solovar
Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development,
Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

The functions of toponyms in the works by K. F. Zhakov

Galina K. Lisovskaya
Evgeny A. Tsypanov
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Syktyvkar, Russia

Nicknames as one of the main ways of designating people in Erzya Mordovians (on the example of residents of the village of Staraya Shentala of the Shentalinsky district of the Samara region)

Elena Iu. Loginova
Samara State University of Railway Transport,
Samara, Russia

Introduction. For the rural population it is characteristic that many members are given not only codified nominations, but also all kinds of nicknames. Rural Erzya population is not an exception in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the national and cultural identity of the semantics of the nicknames in the Erzya language. It considers the communicative aspect referring to the way their function in the village of Staraya Shentala, Shentalinsky district of the Samara region.
Materials and Methods. The main research method is descriptive-analytical. The paper describes some typological features of modern Erzya nicknames, gives their classification based on motivational signs of appearance. The nicknames were collected using questionnaires and observation.
Results and Discussion. The study revealed the reasons for the use of nicknames, among which is tribute to historical tradition, the need for a more accurate designation of a person in the case when the names and surnames of fellow villagers coincide, creative potential of a linguistic communicating personality. The Erzya nicknames help characterize the objects of speech from different sides. The main motivation behind engineering the nicknames is the names, surnames, appearance, character, features in persons’ behavior, speech, habits, favorite activities, distinctive skills, similarity with the characters of literature, movie characters, artists, origin, facts of biography, intellectual abilities, relation to other persons. In addition to individual nicknames, group (collective) nicknames are also used in the village of Staraya Shentala.
Conclusion. Currently, a nickname as a type of nomination has lost its position in reference to the past. If modern nicknames appear, they no longer contain any national features. Such research is necessary as an opportunity to preserve such an layer of vocabulary which is interesting and important from historical, cultural and linguistic points of view.

Keywords: Erzya Mordovians, nomination, anthroponym, nickname, motivational characteristics, descriptive-analytical method

For citation: Loginova EIu. Nicknames as one of the main ways of designating people in Erzya Mordovians (on the example of residents of the village of Staraya Shentala of the Shentalinsky district of the Samara region). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2023;15;2:157–167. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.015.2023.02.157-167.

Intonation as a means of conveying an utterance in Komi prose

Galina V. Punegova
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Syktyvkar, Russia

Names of small fur-bearing animals in the Komi language

Anatoly N. Rakin
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Syktyvkar, Russia

Introduction. The paper considers the hunting vocabulary in the Komi language. As an independent microsystem, it studies the designations used for the nomination of small fur-bearing animals living on the territory of the Komi Republic. The whole set of the lexical units refers to both types of forest inhabitants – predators and herbivores. The analysis of the factual material is carried out to establish the main stages of the formation and development of this component of the Komi language hunting vocabulary.
Materials and Methods. The material contained in the paper refers to the Komi literary language. Of the dialect names, only a few examples are given that are contained in normative dictionaries. The names of both primordial and foreign-language origin are considered. When developing the research topic, the author uses such methods as descriptive, comparative-historical, synchronous-comparative and statistical, as well as methods of semantic and structural-word-formation analysis.
Results and Discussion. The article is the first experience of linguistic research of the names of small fur-bearing animals in the Komi language. By substantial basis, this lexical microsystem refers to the designations of the hunting object. The analysis of the factual material was carried out using synchronous and diachronic research methods. Based on the systematization of the available proto-forms, a diachronic hierarchy of the primordial vocabulary is characterized by four components of ancient names: Proto-Finno-Ugric, Proto-Finno-Permian, Proto-Permian and Proto-Komi. It establishes the types and quantitative composition of a group of foreign-language names consisting of ancient and late borrowings.
Conclusion. The formation of the Komi language vocabulary related to small fur-bearing commercial animals has taken place over many millennia since the Proto-Finno-Ugric epoch. Most of the names of the analyzed microsystem belong to the primordial vocabulary fund of the Komi language. The foreign-language component of the names of small fur-bearing animals takes an insignificant place, its formation occurred as a result of the penetration of borrowings from two external sources.

Keywords: the Komi language, vocabulary, designations of the hunting object, names of small fur-bearing animals, primordial vocabulary fund, borrowings

Acknowledgments: The article was prepared as part of the research “Permian languages in the linguistic and cultural space of the European North and the Urals” (reg. No. 121042600252-7).

For citation: Rakin AN. Names of small fur-bearing animals in the Komi language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2023;15;2:180–188. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.015.2023.02.180-188.

Collections of Livvic dialectal materials in the Phonogram archive of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Aleksandra P. Rodionova
Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences

Tatyana V. Pashkova
Petrozavodsk State University,
Petrozavodsk, Russia

Introduction. The article presents the overview of the Livvic dialectal audio materials stored in the Phonogram Archive of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science (Petrozavodsk).
Materials and Methods. The article is based on the digital information resources, folklore-ethnographic and linguistic data obtained in the ILLH KarRC RAS archives. The research was carried out using descriptive, comparative, historical and chronolohical methods.
Results and Discussion. The Institute’s Phonogram Archive stores field materials which have been collected by the Institute’s specialists since the 1930s. These are speech samples, folklore works, as well as information about the culture and life of the peoples living in the Republic of Karelia, and neighboring regions. The article considers collections of audio materials in the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language, which were collected on the territory of South Karelia in the Olonetsian, Pryazha’s, Suoyarvi’s, Pitkyaranta’s districts. They include not only speech samples, but also some data on ethnography, toponymy, folklore, etc. Part of the material from the Livvic collection (dialect and folklore-ethnographic materials) is presented in the article as the tables that help navigate it. It can be useful for a wide range of specialists: ethnographers, linguists, folklorists, historians.
Conclusion. The collections of Livvic dialect and folklore-ethnographic materials of the Phonogram Archive of the ILLH of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences include valuable linguistic, folklore and ethnographic material. The authors have presented a small part of the unique material stored in the archive. Digitization of archival and field audio samples of Karelian speech in the format of a speech corpus can further simplify the processing and storage of materials, can make it possible to introduce into academic and research environment and make available the unique audio materials which reflect the state of Karelian and Vepsian dialects since the middle of the last century.

Keywords: Livvic dialect, the Karelian language, audio materials, Phonogram Archive of the KarRC RAS Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History, speech samples, folklore-ethnographic material

Acknowledgments: The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation’s grant No. 22-28-20215 “Creation of the speech corpus of the Baltic-Finnic languages of Karelia” implemented in cooperation with Karelia’s authorities and financed from the Venture Capital Fund of the Republic of Karelia.

For citation: Rodionova AP, Pashkova TV. Collections of Livvic dialectal materials in the Phonogram archive of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2023;15;2:189–199. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.015.2023.02.189-199.

International Decade of Indigenous Languages: the history of formation, legal framework, implementation mechanisms

Vasily N. Nemechkin
National Research Mordovia State University,
Saransk, Russia

Elvira M. Kolcheva
Kazan State Institute of Culture,
Kazan, Russia

Introduction. This article continues a series of publications dedicated to the 100th year of the Mari fine arts. National neo-romanticism appeared at the late Soviet stage. It is important to clearly identify it and to determine itы place in the process under study.
Materials and Methods. The research methods are based on the author’s cultural and archetypal approach. The items of art, archival documents, media publications, catalogs were provided by the museums of the Republic of Mari El.
Results and Discussion. Culture of the late Soviet period, as a background of national neo-romanticism, is characterized by an anthropological change, a demand for sincerity and expression of individuality. Within its framework, unofficial art, various forms of artistic escapism arose. The ethnical theme brought the main artistic innovations into the ‘severe style’ of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic’s art. Visiting Russian artists, A. S. and B. S. Pushkovs, S. F. Podmarev, A. I. Butov, introduced the concept of “Mari El” into the artistic vocabulary of the Republic, created the iconographic type based on the traditional Birch and Woman archetypes, thereby contributed to the development of the new cultural archetype. National neo-romanticism emerged from the ‘severe style’ and simultaneously formed. Its essence is the poetization of the native culture. Z. F. Lavrentyev implemented it, first, through book graphics to be one of the determinants of ethnocultural reflection. A special role in the development of national neo-romanticism was played by young Mari artists N. V. Toktaulov, I. V. Efimov, I. M. Yamberdov.
Conclusion. National neo-romanticism (1970–1980s) is a stage in the development of the Mari national fine arts originated within socialist realism (1940–1980s). But it goes beyond it due to the representations of the essential issues and approaching the archetypal principles of ethnoculture.

Keywords: fine arts of the Mari ASSR, National neo-romanticism, ethnocultural reflection

For citation: Kolcheva EM. 100 years of Mari fine art: national neo-romanticism (1960–1980s). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2023;15;2:210–224. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.015.2023.02.210-224.

Irina A. Sazykina
Udmurt State University,
Izhevsk, Russia

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of developing ethnic onstage costumes for folk bands. The steps of the development of the design project of the Udmurt onstage ethnic costume for the in the studio of the artists are based on the materials found in the books on folk clothing. It also considers the involvement of the students from the Institute of Arts and Design of the Udmurt State University.
Materials and Methods. The study is based on modern research on the Udmurt national costume, summarized in the works of specialists studying the national costumes of the Finno-Ugric peoples, primarily M. K. Zavyalova and S. Kh. Lebedeva. The article employs general research methods such as system analysis, comparison, semantic analysis, as well as an integrative method.
Results and Discussion. The Udmurt national female costume is characterized by such features as sacredness and symbolism. Women’s clothing is streaked with symbols. From ancient times, the Udmurts endowed clothes with magical properties reflected in the ornament. The study of the history of the national costume as an integral part of the life of an ethnic group is a very important cultural task. The research by of S. Kh. Lebedeva and M. K. Zavyalova considered the main source of ideas for the creation of design projects for the onstage costumes, made by the artist, the author of the article, for the Udmurt folk band “Њardon” and the Cultural and Tourist Center “Tol Babai Estate”. The students of the Institute of Arts and Design of the Udmurt State University took an active part in this process.
Conclusions. At present, the Udmurt national costume has practically disappeared from the everyday life of this ethnic group. Under such conditions, the importance of research by ethnographers, the specialists in costumes, art critics, and historians is increasing. An important contribution to the preservation of national culture is made by folk art bands. A variety of stage costumes is achieved by the work of a costume designer.

Keywords: a national costume of the Udmurts, geometric and solar sacred signs, an amulet, an onstage national costume

For citation: Sazykina IA. Development of an onstage costume design project of Udmurt national costume based on the books on national clothing. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2023;15;2:225–236. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.015.2023.02.225-236.