Finno-Ugric World

Elvira M. Kolcheva,
Candidate Sc. {Arts}, Associate Professor,
Department of Monumental and Decorative Art, Painting and Art History,
Kazan State Institute of Culture,
Department of Social and Cultural Technologies,
Mari State University
(Yoshkar-Ola, Russia), elviramk@mail.ru

Despite the official Soviet national policy, the professional art of the USSR peoples developed as a form of artistic reflection of ethnoculture about itself. The author of the article studies this process on the basis of the previously developed structural-archetypal model of the ethno-cultural space of the Mari people.
The article contains the analysis of the artistic representations of the cultural field/meadow archetype on the material of fine art of the 1950s-1980s. The archetype is represented by iconographic types of “Collective Farm Fields of an Epic Scale”, “Harvest”, “Pastures”, “Blossoming Meadows”.
A field, in the style of socialist realism, as a rule, is depicted as a space for heroic deeds, the greatness of the Soviet Motherland and the authorities arranging for the “battle for the harvest”. They glorify the collective farm system seen as a source of abundance and fertility. The masters of the “severe style” introduce the sign-symbolic principle in the image of the field, the artists having already gone beyond the ideological constraints while paving the way for non-romantic trends in the national art. Since the 1970s, the theme of the fields is lyrically approached by the national neoromantic artists who relieve the heroic pathos of socialist realism. The idea of man’s subjugation of nature gave way to the harmonious unity of beingness. The image of the fertile field in the pictures of the national artists was replaced by the images of meadows, pastures and forest glades.
The semantics of the field archetype in the last decade of the Soviet era reveals the meaning of emptiness, loneliness and non-existence, often in combination with the image of a dry tree or a felled grove. It was the way to express feelings about the ongoing assimilation of the nation, about the loss of cultural memory. The evolution of artistic representations of the meadow/field archetype in the period under investigation has shown the failure of an attempt to substitute the traditional perception of nature for the ideaologemes of socialist realism.

Key words: Mari fine art; cultural archetype of the field/meadows; socialist realism; national neo-romanticism.

Acknowledgments: The article was prepared as part of a research project of the RGNF № 15-14-12001 “Ethnocultural space of the Mari people in the fine art of the Mari Territory of the 1950s–1980s”.

For citation: Kolcheva EM. Landscape field/meadow archetype in the Mari art of the 1950s–1980s. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 120–125. (In Russian)

Nikolai I. Boiarkin,
Doctor of Art History, Professor, Leading Research Fellow,
Interregional Research Center for Finno-Ugric Studies,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), bojarkin_ni@mail.ru

October 16, 2018 is the 75th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding ethnomusicologist and folklorist, Doctor of Art History, professor M. A. Lobanov. His life and work are the examples of selfless devotion and service to science. The name of the scholar is inseparable from the processes of the development of musicology and folklore of the last decades. Lobanov contributed to the formation of new areas of research in ethnomuscology and exact academic research base, laid the conceptual basis for the study of genre and types of folklore style discovered by him, created an academic and pedagogical school in the field of studying archaic forms of traditional music and inter-ethnic interrelations. His numerous works, fundamental multi-volume works on bibliography, systematics of tunes, indexes have enriched modern science, laid solid foundations for future research in the field of theory and history of ethno-musicology.
The materials of the study were the works of the scholar, personal impressions obtained during many years of communication with him, as well as the articles published in encyclopedias, journals and newsletters. The work uses the principles of historical analysis and generalization.
The article gives a brief description of the activities of the scholar; analyses his fundamental works in the field of musical Slavic and Finno-Ugric Studies, and inter-ethnic folklore connections.
It defines the significance of Lobanov’s works for the subsequent development of national and international ethnomuscology.

Key words: M. A. Lobanov; tape recording; inter-ethnic relationships; method; notation; song; field studies; polyphony; reading; Slavistics; Finno-Ugric Studies; folklore; ethnomusicology.

For citation: Boiarkin NI. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Lobanov: serving the science. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 106–119. (In Russian)

Sergei N. Zetkin,
MA student, Philology Department,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia) serzet@mail.ru

The article analyses the content of orthodox mass-media in cultural and information media of the Republic of Mordovia. The aim of the work is the classification, the allocation of thematic areas and the clarification of the value of the Orthodox media.
As a basis for the study, the article analyses various types of Orthodox journalism publications from the late 1990s until now. When working on the materials, the author used modern methodology. While working with theoretical and factual material, the author’s position was defined by axiological and sociocultural approaches, which allow to study the problem considering value and social determinants.
The specific features of Orthodox journalism of the Republic of Mordovia are multiple genres and multiple thematic coverage. At the same time, the Orthodox media are characterized by a short history, small number, active position of print and Internet publications in contrast with television and radio programs. The available Orthodox media are divided into official and unofficial, print and electronic publications, as well as highly specialized, specialized and unspecialized.
Developing in line with the all-Russian tendencies, the Orthodox media environment of the Republic of Mordovia serves as a channel for the transmission of spiritual values.

Key words: interlocutor; cultural and information media; Orthodox Mass-media; regional Mass-media; regional culture.

For citation: Zetkin SN. Orthodox Mass-media in cultural and information media of the Republic of Mordovia. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 95–105. (In Russian)

Vladimir V. Kozin,
Candidate Sc. {Sociology}, Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow,
Department for Monitoring for Demography and Labor Processes,
Scientific Center for Social and Economic Monitoring of the Republic of Mordovia
(Saransk, Russia), vladimir.kozin13@mail.ru

Tatiana I. Kirdiashkina,
Senior Researcher, Department for Monitoring for Demography and Labor Processes, Scientific Center for Social and Economic Monitoring of the Republic of Mordovia (Saransk, Russia), kird2k6@yandex.ru

The Republic of Mordovia is a multinational region of the Russian Federation. For centuries, Russians, Mordovians (Moksha and Erzya), Tatars, and others coexist peacefully on its territory. This necessitates the development of ethnic tourism, the area of tourism with a pronounced ethnic identity in the Republic. It can be distinguished as internal and external ethnic tourism.
For the research of the development of ethnic tourism in Mordovia, the authors employed general research analytical methods (comparative, functional, natural history, etc.) and a survey as a tool for collecting primary sociological information. The survey was conducted in all municipal districts of the Republic in September 2017.
The most famous objects of ethnic tourism are the ethnographic Museum complex “Mordovian Courtyard” and the Museum of Mordovian folk culture; they are the most visited sites. The percentage of people who know about the Center for National Culture in Old Terizmorga village and Podlesno-Tavlinskoy Children’s Experimental Art School is quite high. The prospects for the development of ethnic tourism can be assessed as favorable, since there is a high percentage of those who would like to visit other objects of ethnic tourism as well.
The conclusion is made about further development of internal and external ethnic tourism in Mordovia.

Key words: ethnic tourism; recreational potential; infrastructure; region; stimulation; development; prospects; objects of ethnic tourism.

For citation: Kozin VV, Kirdiashkina TI. Attendance monitoring of ethnic tourism objects in the Republic of Mordovia in 2017. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 86–94. (In Russian)

Oleg I. Kulagin,
Candidate Sc. {History}, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History,
Petrozavodsk State University
(Petrozavodsk, Russia), olkulagin@yandex.ru

The article attempts to outline new approaches to the study of the timber industry complex as one of the main instruments of interaction between the State and Karelia, as the Finno-Ugric region, during the second half of the 20th century. The aim of the study is to find the theories and concepts that could form the basis for the systematic analysis of the interaction. The urgency of the study is related to the fact that for many forest-producing regions of Russia, including Karelia, the result of the regional state social and economic policy during the studied period turned out to be largely negative.
The research methodology is based on the use of modernization theory and the concept “center – periphery”. The article is based on the research of international and Russian scholars which interpret these concepts. The comparison of theoretical material with the historical experience of development of Karelia in the second half of the 20th century allows to draw a conclusion about the possibility of successful combination of the noted research approaches.
Various interpretations of the theory of modernization made it possible draw a conclusion about the peripheral nature of the modernization processes in this region in relation to socio-economic development of Karelia. Using the concept “center – periphery”, according to which the unevenness of economic growth and the process of spatial polarization inevitably generate disparities between the so-called center and periphery, has shown its potential in the study of the peculiarities of interaction between the state and the Finno-Ugric region.
Comparison of these two concepts makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the high degree of their mutual complementarity and the possibility in the long term to propose the realization of a center-peripheral model of regional modernization in the social and economic development of Karelia.

Key words: timber industry complex; the State; region; modernization; center-peripheral model; Karelia.

For citation: Kulagin OI. Timber industrial complex as an instrument of interaction of the state and the Finno-Ugric region: in search of new research approaches. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 78–85. (In Russian)

Anna K. Gagieva,
Doctor of History, Professor,
Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Management
(Syktyvkar, Russia), gngkol2@mail.ru

The article discusses the social charity of “local community” in Ust -Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. We define “local community” as a voluntary, self-determining citizens association, designed or not properly executed legally for the solution of urgent problems of non-productive and non-commercial nature. The aim of the work is to study public charity as an activity of “local community” in Ust-Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. The provisions of the work can be used for educational and methodological materials on the subject “History of Finno-Ugric regions and countries”, “History of everyday life”, “History of the Komi Republic” and others.
The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which includes structural, legal, historical and other methods of research. The materials are based on published and unpublished historical sources, such as legislative materials, statistics, documentation, as well as archival materials.
Central Russia and the Urals had already introduced charities in the mid of XX century, while in the research area public charity was just beginning and was manifested through the social work of the Russian Orthodox Church, amateur associations and companies. Forms of public charity varied: fundraising, purchase of tools, equipment and materials for events and others.
Public charity, “local community”, in Ust-Sysolsk developed within the framework of modernization processes of the second half of the nineteenth century. It led to the evolution of «local community» into a civil society. The emergence of new public organizations and active public charity contributed to the development of new forms of self-organization. In the city of Ust-Sysolsk, there was an upsurge of public life and public performance. The appearance of self-governing organizations “local community” was facilitated by the loyal policies of the district and provincial government. As historical sources show that we can talk about mutual understanding and cooperation between the authorities and the “local community”. Carrying out public charity, it provided public functions of traditional culture maintenance, the organization of leisure, cultural and educational activities.

Key words: “local community”; charity; society; government; Ust-Sysolsk uyezd.

For citation: Gagieva AK. Public charity as the activity of Ust-Sysolsk “local community” in the second half of XIX century. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 70–77. (In Russian)

Evgeniya N. Muhina,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Lecturer,
Department of Vocational Education, Kovylkinsky branch,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Kovylkino, Russia), zenja.admajkina@mail.ru

Tatiyana N. Potapova,
Candidate Sc. {Economics}, Director, Kovylkinsky branch,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Kovylkino, Russia), isaeva_t75@rambler.ru

Mihail V. Mosin,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), finugor@rambler.ru

Natalya M. Mosina,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), natamish@rambler.ru

The phonetic system is one of the most important aspects of the language. The study of the structure and features of this system allows tracing both the current state and the history of the development of a language.
The development of the phonetic structure of Finno-Ugric word stem in Mordovian languages is considered with the help of a comparative and historical method. The system of vowels of the first syllable in the words of modern Mordovian languages is compared with the reconstructed forms of the stem, which go back to the Finno-Ugric pro-linguistic unity (Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permian and Finno-Volga) and their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages. The article presents an analysis of the evolution of vowels of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word in Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. On the basis of the achievements of modern Finno-Ugric studies, phonetic processes are observed in the field of vowels of the first syllable that transformed the primary basis of the word. The description of the features of the vocalism of the first syllable in Mordovian languages is carried out in terms of comparison with the reconstructed forms of the Finno-Ugric original language and comparison with etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages.
A comparative analysis of the vowel system of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word stem in modern Mordovian languages with their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages allowed us to detect phonetic processes that changed the structure of some languages. In some cases, these are minor changes, while in other cases, they are rather significant.

Key words: Mordovian languages; vowel; consonant; base language; Finnish language; Estonian language; etymology.

For citation: Mosin MV, Mosina NM. Features of the evolution of the vowels of the first syllable of Finno-Ugric stem in the Mordovian languages. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 53–63. (In Russian)

Ekaterina N. Morozova,
Postgraduate Student, Department of Finno-Ugric and Comparative Philology,
Mari State University
(Joshkar-Ola, Russia),morozovaen@volgatech.net

The article analyzes in detail methodological framework used for phraseological stock studies in the Mari language. It results in increasing level of validity and reliability of the research. The subject of the article is the methods and techniques of phraseological studies (general scientific, philosophical and specialized ones). The objective of this research is to reveal the methodological procedures used to study phraseological units of the Mari language.
The article is based on monographs, articles, textbooks, theses on phraseology of the Mari language. When considering the methodological framework for phraseological studies in the Mari language, it employed general research methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization and chronological classification combined with specialized linguistic techniques (e.g. data collection method) within diachronic and synchronic approaches.
The first research into the field of Mari phraseology are characterized by the application of semantic and contextual analyses in order to systematize and classify phraseological units. The interpretation of empirical material is closely connected with the semantic description, valence and communicative-functional methods. Further development of the methodology is related to the application of culture and historical, anthropological and linguistic genetic approaches, as well as the elements of transformational analysis and syntactic modeling. Modern phraseological science takes into consideration interdisciplinary approach while exploring phraseological stock of the Mari language.
In the initial state of the development of phraseology the most productive techniques in Mari linguistics were general research methods of description and analysis (semantic-syntactic, structural, componential and contextual ones). In 1980–1990 methodological framework was supplemented by specialized linguistic methods of comparative-historical, typological, comparative and communicative-functional studies. Nowadays interdisciplinary approach interpreted from psycholinguistic, linguoculturological and cognitivistic standpoints is widely applied to reveal the nationally significant concepts functioning in the described linguoculture.

Key words: method; technique; methodological framework; the Mari language; phraseologism; phraseological stock.

For citation: Morozova EN. Research methods and techniques of the phraseological stock studies in the Mari language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 45–52. (In Russian)

Anna S. Migunova,
Teacher of Russian language and literature,
Kochkurovo Secondary School of Kochkurovsky district, Republic of Mordovia
(Kochkurovo, Russia), zyuzyaevaanya@mail.ru

The semantic category “locality” is a common phenomenon in various languages and has various means of expression. The article deals with derivational means of expressing the category of locality on the material of the long-range Erzya and Finnish languages. The article draws particular interest to the suffix way of word formation as one of the most common and productive in Erzya and Finnish languages.
The research material is the lexical units of the Erzya and Finnish languages containing word-formation suffixes with the meaning of locality. It employs the descriptive method and the method of comparative analysis. The analysis of language material was carried out by continuous sampling of texts of artistic works.
As a result of a comparative analysis, it reveals word-formation suffixes that convey the semantics of locality, including the so-called affixoids and semi-affixes, distinguished in Erzya.
The study allows to identify both more and less productive suffixes in each of the considered languages.

Key words: locativity; word-formation suffix; the Erzya language; the Finnish language.

For citation: Migunova A. S. Derivational means of expressing locativity in the Erzya and Finnish languages. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 38–44. (In Russian)

Fedosia M. Lelkhova,
Сand. of Sciences {Philology},
Ob-Ugrian Institute of Applied Researches and Development
(Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia), lelhovafm@yandex.ru

Structural word-formation models of the vocabulary of diseases are considered on the material of Synskii and Vakhovskii dialects of the Khanty language. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a systematic study of the vocabulary of the Khanty language. The vocabulary associated with the names of diseases has not been the subject of sufficient study to date, and therefore has a great research interest.
The material of the study covers the words related to the lexicon of the disease in the dialects of the Khanty language. We used component analysis and descriptive method.
The word-formation structure of the names of diseases is not uniform. Words are divided into groups: external diseases; internal illnesses; physical disabilities; accidents, injuries. The main ways of forming these tokens are composition and suffixing.
The most common models are “noun + noun”, “adjective + noun”. The lexico-semantic method of education for the nomination of diseases is non-productive. We have fixed multicomponent names in the Vakhovskii dialects in a smaller volume due to no corpus of texts.

Key words: Khanty language; dialects; vocabulary of diseases; lexical meaning of the word; morphological structure; Vakhovskii dialect dictionary.

For citation: Lelkhova FM. Derivational structure of disease names in the Khanty language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 32–37. (In Russian)

The article analyzes the stages of the creation of the Saami’s writing from the end of the XIX century and the reasons for the lack of literary language of the Kola Sami. Currently, there are four versions of the Sami alphabet based on Cyrillic graphics presented in the educational literature. The analysis of the existing graphic systems and the literature based on them showed that only the alphabet of 1979 fulfills the conditions of the main stages of the formation of a written standard language.
With the help of comparative historical and problem-chronological methods, the author considers an array of archival data, as well as research works and works of art in the Sami language.
Currently, a serious basis has been created for the development of the Sami literary language, but there are a number of problems that hinder the solution of this problem. Among them there are the following: in the territory of the Murmansk region there are no research and academic organizations involved in the development of a single standard of the Sami language; Murmansk region is not a republic, therefore it does not have the right to prove the graphical basis of the alphabet of a language, which is not the state language of a subject of the Russian Federation; in the Murmansk region there is no legal act on the language of the indigenous minorities of the North, with the official written standard of the Sami language recorded, therefore today they still use the standard variant dated 1979 and its version with h and ј in parallel.
The Sami language has not been in demand for a long time among the Sami and at the state level, which resulted in the absence of TV programs and press in the Sami language as well as radio broadcasting limited to a short time. The assimilation of the Sami language into Russian continues, the use of the Sami language by native speakers occurs mainly only at the household level, there are problems with the teaching of the language at school (only optional), among the young generation the native language of the Sami is not in demand. All these factors do not contribute to the formation of the Sami literary language. Urgent measures are needed to unify the graphic system of the Sami language, to organize competent educational activities in educational institutions in order to preserve and develop the language of the indigenous minority people.

Key words: Sami; writing; alphabet; literary language; written standard.

For citation: Bakula VB. Problems of formation of literary language of the Kola Saami. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 3: 13–22. (In Russian)