Finno-Ugric World

Svetlana A. Sazhina,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Senior Research Fellow,
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Scientific Center,
Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
(Syktyvkar, Russia), sazinas@rambler.ru

The article considers the system of demonstrative pronouns in the language of the Kirov Permians, one of the less studied dialects of the Komi-Permyak language. The subject of the research is substantive, adjective, adverbial, and quantitative demonstrative pronouns. The purpose of the work is to consider grammatical characteristics and specific features of the demonstratives. The results can be used in generalization in the area of historical dialectology of the Permian languages.
The empirical base of the research includes linguistic materials collected by the author in her dialectological expeditions to the area where the Kirov Permians resided in the 2002–2012. Linguistic materials are analyzed and interpreted in the context of the Komi language dialect.
The main focus of the work is grammatical characteristics and functions of the demonstrative bases and their derivatives: adjective, adverbial and quantitative demonstrative pronouns. The most numerous are adverbial pronouns, among which there are pronouns of place, time and mode of action.
The system of demonstrative pronouns of the dialect has a transitional character, revealing the features of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian demonstratives, and showing its own specific features.

Key words: Komi language; Komi-Permian language; Upper-Kama dialect; Kirov Permians; dialectology; morphology; pronoun.

For citation: Sazhina SA. Demonstrative pronouns in the language of the Kirov Permians. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 68–76. (In Russian)

DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.02.006-013

Compound nouns of a coordinative type in the Erzya language

Tatiana P. Ariskina,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor,
Department of Finno-Ugric and Comparative Linguistics,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ariskina82@mail.ru

The article gives a thorough account of the Erzya language compound nouns of a coordinating type based on the material of the encyclopedia “Mordovia”. Such studies have previously covered only certain aspects of stem composition (compounding) in the Finno-Ugric languages. The timeliness of the topic is determined by the need to analyze the coordinating compounds in terms of their origin, functioning, and productivity of word-building models. The subject of the research is compound words grouped according to the sections of the encyclopedia. The purpose of the article is to systematise and identify general models of stem composition. The results can be used in comparative analysis, as well as in teaching the Erzya language.
Compound nouns of a coordinating type in the Erzya language were examined on the material taken from the encyclopedia “Mordovia”. It employs such research methods as induction, systematisation, descriptive analysis, componential analysis, quantitative analysis, primary processing of linguistic data, and continuous sampling.
Coordinating compounds in the Erzya language are grouped according to several criteria: 1) the origin of the word; 2) word-building pattern; 3) the prevalence of the components of the first and/or second part of the word. Each group is thoroughly described.
Copulative compounds are actively used in the Erzya language and the process of their formation is still continuing. Based on the origin of these words, one can distinguish Erzya nouns, and Russian or international nouns of a coordinating type. In terms of the components, coordinative compounds are divided into the following categories: based on the model “noun + noun”, “verb + verb”, “noun + verb”. For the Erzya language the most productive model was “noun + noun”, which form the words of different semantics, subjects, and use.

Key words: compound nouns; coordinating relation; word-building pattern (model); Erzya word; Russian word.

For citation: Ariskina TP. Compound nouns of a coordinative type in the Erzya language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 6–13. (In Russian)

Thematic repetition as a way to create semantic integrity of complex syntax whole (based on the works by K. G. Abramov)

Lyubov P. Vodyasova,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Native Language and Literature,
M. E. Evseev Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute
(Saransk, Russia), LVodjasova@yandex.ru

For the first time in Mordovian linguistics the subject of the research is the thematic repetition within semantic organization of basic units of a text, complex syntax whole. It notes that the composition of complex syntax whole covers the words of one thematic group, forming a single functional textual paradigm of words and performing a common function. Thus, it forms new entries such as key words and word combinations.
The material of the study is prosaic works by K. G. Abramov. The main method is descriptive. It was used to study the content meaning of the key words and word combinations and their functioning in certain contexts.
It was shown that the main features of the key words and word combinations are the frequency of use, the ability of condensing information, as well as the ability to correlate the factual and conceptual content levels of a text. When repeating, key words and word combinations can occur in any part of the artistic work and do not have a fixed position. For Abramov, they help in the implementation of close connection with other words, the creation of semantic integrity of the text and therefore disclosure of his themes.
Creating intertextuality, keywords and word combinations implement aesthetic principles of the author and intensify the perception of the reader. They create semantic complexes in the text forming its semantic dominant. They gather synonymous units around themselves, the words associated with them, and stemming’s which repetition in a given context is usually dictated by the author’s view, etc.

Key words: complex syntax whole; component; communications components; repetition; thematic repetition; key words and wordcombinations.

For citation: Vodyasova LP. Thematic repetition as a way to create semantic integrity of complex syntax whole (based on the works by K. G. Abramov). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 14–25. (In Russian)

Natalia V. Kondrateva,
Doctor of Philology,
Director of the Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism,
Udmurt State University (Izhevsk, Russia), nataljakondratjeva@yandex.ru

Olga A. Stepanova,
Post-graduate student, Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism, Udmurt State University (Izhevsk, Russia), troninaolga@yandex.ru

The article identifies the main stages in the formation of social and political vocabulary in the Udmurt language. It gives an overview of lexicographic sources, which show the analyzed type of the vocabulary starting since the second half of the 18th century till nowadays.
For systematization and analysis of extensive empirical material it employs such methods as text observation, lexicographical comparison, precise historical observation, combined methods, analysis of statements made by historians and linguists one the considered topics.
Based on the conducted analysis, it revealed that in the history of Udmurt linguistics there are four main stages in the formation of social and political vocabulary of the Udmurt language: 1) the first stage is associated with the fixation of individual lexemes of the group of words under the study dated in 18th–19th centuries. Even the first monuments of the Udmurt alphabet (in the Grammars by V. G. Putyak-Grigorovich, M. Mogilin, in the Dictionary by Z. Krotov) contain the words with social and political coloring. This stage is characterized by the absence of a purposeful activity to study the social and political vocabulary of the Udmurt language. 2) The period of 1920/1930-ies is characterized by conscious and systematic approach to the coining of terms in various branches of science. It was this period that left a significant number of new words in the lexical system of the Udmurt language; 3) During 1940–1990-ies the work on the development of branch vocabulary stopped again, and the scientific legacy in terms coining is gradually losing its relevance; 4) The 1990’s are defined by a new stage in the development of Udmurt terminology, which continues to the present day.
The work has been carried out in two directions: conducting theoretical fundamentals on the lexical composition of the Udmurt language; coining the terms and development of topical vocabulary, as well as their practical application in various publications.

Key words: terminology; Udmurt language; social and political vocabulary; social and political terminology; language and society.

For citation: Kondratieva NV, Stepanova OA. Formation of the social and political vocabulary in the Udmurt language as a reflection of language construction. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 26–36. (In Russian)

Valentina F. Rogozhina,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), valentina-141966@mail.ru

Nadezhda A. Kulakova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), nad_kul@rambler.ru

The article analyses the typology of variants of phraseological units in unrelated languages – Moksha and Russian. The aim of the work is a typological analysis of the variability of phraseological units in these languages. The subject of the study are the variants of phraseological units in these languages. The ideas of this research can be used for academic and research materials for such courses as “Modern Moksha language”, “Comparative grammar of the Mordovian and Russian languages”.
The research methodology is based on a system approach that incorporates comparative and typological as well as structural and grammatical methods. The article is rooted in research of Russian and Finno-Ugric linguistic data of phraseological dictionaries, fiction works, and the recordings of the dialects of native speakers of these languages.
Formal variation of phraseological units does not cause fundamental differences, whereas lexical replacement of components generates different opinions. Most linguists determine the variability of phraseological units as changes of the form of phraseological units and their expression.
It is concluded that phraseological units of the Moksha and Russian languages contain lexical and morphological variability. Lexical variation is expressed by means of different lexical components. In the compared languages, predicative phraseological units containing more than two components are most prone to contractions. Morphological variability is expressed in changing grammatical form. In Russian it is expressed in number, cases and sometimes in the gender, while in Moksha it is expressed in the use of postpositions.

Key words: glossary; grammar; phraseological unit; bilingual dictionary; lexical variance; morphological variability; noun; adjective; pronoun; suffix; Moksha language; Russian language.

For citation: Kulakova NA, Rogozhina VF. Variance of phraseological units in the Moksha and Russian languages (typological analysis). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 37–47. (In Russian)

Aleksandra P. Rodionova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Research Fellow, Department of Linguistics,
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Petrozavodsk, Russia), santrar@krc.karelia.ru

Svetlana V. Nagurnaia,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Secretary for Science, Department of Linguistics,
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Petrozavodsk, Russia), kov@krc.karelia.ru

The relevance of this article is defined by the revitalization processes in the Karelian language in the Republic of Karelia, when the Ludic language appeared on the periphery of it. The purpose of the article is to identify the most actual problems in the normalization of the Ludic dialect and to outline its possible solutions. The main problem remains the fact that each Ludic subdialect has its own distinctive features. This applies to both vocabulary and grammar. The presented materials will be of interest to researchers involved in the development of the newly written languages, the creation of a literary norm and codification.
The research employs descriptive, comparative and verification methods. The dialectal data and examples of the standardized language were used as linguistic data.
The article presents the main problems of norming the Ludic dialect of the Karelian language and some possibilities for their solution.
The main problem in the norming of the Ludic dialect is that its dialects are very different from each other while the influence of the Vepsian component on the Ludic dialect was uneven throughout the whole territory of its distribution, with the Mikhaylovskiy dialect at most. The dialects have their own distinctive features, which applies to both vocabulary and grammar. Therefore, the manuals created on the basis of the Mikhaylovskiy dialect are not always easily accepted by the native speakers. In addition to linguistic problems, the norming of the Ludic dialect is affected by the shortage of specialists who can speak their own dialect fluently and who could establish a literary norm of Ludic dialect in the joint effort.

Key words: Karelian language; Ludic dialect; norming; unification; dialects.

For citation: Rodionova AP, Nagurnaia SV. Ludic dialect: problems of creating of the literary norm. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 48–57. (In Russian)

Acknowledgment: Contributions to the research should be acknowledged to the support by АААА-А18-118012490344-5 “Baltic-Finnic Languages of the North-West Russian Federation: linguistic research in sociocultural context”.

Ivan N. Ryabov,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ryabov.74@bk.ru

Galina V. Ryabova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ryabova.gv@bk.ru

The lexical and semantic layer of zoomorphisms appears in speech with different emotional-expressive coloring and reflects national specificities, beauty, and richness of the language. Zoomorphisms in the Erzya language used to convey emotions have not been studied precisely. The relevance of this study is caused by the need to analyze lexical potential of the Erzya language zoomorphisms. The subject of the analysis is emotive zoomorphisms, which are used to express emotions and emotional state of a person. The aim of the study is to describe, characterize and analyze zoomorphisms used in the Erzya language as emotive lexemes. The theoretical and methodological framework for the study is presented by the works of national and international scholars on the problem of expressing emotivity by the means of the language.
The materials for the study were dictionaries, folklore texts and works of fiction. The authors used such methods of linguistic analysis as descriptive and comparative one.
To convey emotions people use different lexical units such as nominative words. One of them is zoomorphisms, which are used to express the person’s emotional relationship to the surrounding reality. Zoomorphisms in the Erzya language are analyzed in terms of their differentiation by their emotional value and functional-semantic significance.
The lexico-semantic analysis of emotive zoomorphisms made it possible to identify several categories of lexemes in the Erzya language. These lexemes are used to describe such qualitative characteristics of a person as mental abilities, appearance, physical condition, character, moral and ethical attitudes. The description of zoomorphisms with positive and negative meaning made it possible to determine the range of zoomorphisms used to convey negative evaluation and emotions and a group of zoomorphisms used to convey positive emotional evaluation.

Key words: zoomorphism; lexeme; emotion; emotiveness; semantic meaning; expressive and emotional coloring; positive and negative evaluation.

For citation: Ryabov IN, Ryabova GV. Using zoomorphisms for the presentation of Emotions (a case study of the Erzya language). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 58–67. (In Russian)

Galina A. Kornishina,
Doctor of History, Department of Russian history,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), g.kornihina@mail.ru

Mordovian ethnos is a complex structural community that includes several hierarchical taxons, including ethno-territorial and Diaspora groups. One of the up-to-date problems of modern ethnological science is the development of generally accepted principles for their separation. The object of the research is one of the largest local groups of Mordovian living in the Ulyanovsk region. The main goal is to study the main components of the ethnic community of the Mordovian population of the Ulyanovsk region and determine the appropriateness of using the following definitions: ethno-territorial group, Diaspora group, Diaspora in relation to its structural divisions.
The source base consisted of diverse statistical, archival and field materials, as well as Internet sources. The theoretical basis of the research being presented is problem-chronological, comparative-historical and statistical methods. They allowed to consider the formation of ethnoterritorial groups of the Mordovians in Ulyanovsk region, the demographic and ethno-cultural aspects of their development at various historical stages, as well as the modern institutionalization of Mordovian public organizations and associations.
The research of documentary and theoretical sources gives grounds to believe that the ethnic structure of the Mordovian population of the Ulyanovsk region includes several hierarchical taxons. This local ethnic community is an integral part of the Mordvinian ethnos, which is represented in the region mainly by representatives of the Erzya sub-ethnic group. Important components of this community are ethno-territorial groups, which still retain the basic elements of traditional cultural and economic complexes. In addition, the Mordovian population of the Ulyanovsk region is currently positioning itself as a Diaspora group through the activities of cultural and public organizations.

Key words: Mordovian ethnos; sub-ethnos; Moksha; Erzya; Ulyanovsk region; ethno-territorial groups; Diaspora; cultural and economic complex.

For citation: Kornishina GA. Ethnic structure and features of ethno-cultural functioning of the Mordovian population in Ulyanovsk region. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 77–89. (In Russian)

Ranus R. Sadikov,
Doctor of History, Institute of Ethnological Research,
R. G. Kuzeev Ufa Federal Research Center,
Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, Russia), kissapi@mail.ru

Rishat A. Abdulkhalikov,
Post-graduate student (PhD), Institute of Ethnological Research,
R. G. Kuzeev Ufa Federal Research Center,
Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, Russia), rishat24rishat@gmail.com

Mordovians, who live in Bashkortostan, have been practicing Orthodoxy for a long time, as they had moved to this territory already baptized. Religious features of the Mordovians of Bashkiria, including the history of Orthodoxy, has not been covered in historical and ethnographic research. In this paper, the authors made an attempt to identify the confessional features of the Orthodox Mordovians of Bashkiria.
The sources of the study were the writings of church authors and the diocesan chronicle of the late XIX – early XX century. The research is based on the principle of historicism; the main methods were historical-genetic, comparative-historical and problem-chronological.
In the late XIX – early XX century researchers noted the high religiosity and zeal in following Orthodox rites and sacraments among the local Mordovians, in which they surpassed the Russians. But the priests of Mordovian origins pointed out that they did not understand the Christian dogma. In 1910 an Orthodox diocesan mission was established to worked with the Mordovian flock. Since the Mordovians showed strong pagan traditions, the diocesan was the division of an anti-pagan diocesan missionary. In the late XIX – early XX century many churches were built in Mordovian settlements. A diocesan missionary Fedor Strelkov and a priest Avksenty Yurtov played a significant role in the Christian enlightenment of the people. During the Soviet era, Orthodox rites were practically ousted from the life of the people. At present, the positions of Orthodoxy among the Mordovians of Bashkortostan have become stronger again.
Orthodoxy, the main religion of the Mordovians of Bashkortostan, played a significant role in ethno-cultural development and contributed to the formation of many ethnographic features.

Key words: Mordovians; Orthodoxy; churches; monasteries; missionaries; Ufa diocese; Bashkiria.

For citation: Sadikov RR, Abdulkhalikov RA. Orthodoxy of the Mordovians of Bashkiria. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 90–97. (In Russian)

Olga G. Belomoeva,
Doctor of Cultural Studies, Professor, Department of Theater Art and Folk Art Culture, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), о_belomoeva@mail.ru

Tatiana V. Klimkina,
Post-graduate student (PhD), Department of Theater Art and Folk Art Culture,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), scientificmagazines@gmail.com

The article studies one of the main features of the development of the religious architecture of Russia at the turn of the 21st century. That can be defined as a powerful development of religious architecture, associated with the phenomenon of “spiritual rebirth”. The specificity of the church as a socio-cultural phenomenon consists in the unity of the sacred, historical and domestic factors, which is an important criterion to evaluate its architectural decision. The religious architecture at the turn of the 21st century is an object of the research. The subject is the features of its development at the present stage. The goal is to identify the main tendencies in the development of religious architecture in Russia considering the experience of the Republic of Mordovia.
The empirical material of the work is the contemporary religious architecture of Russia. It is provided by the use of traditional methods for the Humanities (typological and descriptive methods, etc.) as well as the research empirical base and its fair analysis which corresponds to the basic provisional of Arts and Cultural Studies.
The analysis of the monuments of modern religious architecture that allows concluding on two tendencies in the development of religious architecture: the restoration of churches and the construction of new religious buildings. Regarding the latter, there is a direct connection with the development of two stylistics views: the interpretation of architectural forms of the past and disregard of artistic traditions. This stylistic tendency is becoming the major one in the field of the contemporary religious architecture referring both to the historical heritage of Russia in the whole and the Republic of Mordovia in particular.
The turn of the 21st century represents a new stage of development of religious architecture in Russia within the break with tradition that occurred in the Soviet era. Its main trends are the restoration of the architectural structures of the past and the erection of new churches. Active searches for new artistic decisions are based on tradition, which is confirmed by examples of church construction in general in Russia, and in the Republic of Mordovia in particular.

Key words: religious architecture; church; reconstruction; tradition; interpretation; stylization.

For citation: Belomoeva OG, Klimkina TV. Features of development of Russian religious architecture at the turn of the 21st century (as for Russia and Mordovia). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 98–108. (In Russian)

Liudmila B. Boiarkina,
Candidate Sc. {Art History}, Senior Research Fellow,
Interregional Research Center of Finno-Ugric Studies,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), bojarkin_ni@mail.ru

Among the current challenges in modern ethnomusicology, the studies of folklore have pioneered polyphony, a characteristic phenomenon of traditional Finno-Ugric music. The polyphony of Finno-Ugrians reveals noticeable ethnic (subethnic and local) differences that were defined during a long historical development (contacts with neighboring peoples and mutual influence of areal musical traditions). The solution of conceptual analytical problems, the development of modern theoretical approaches and techniques are put forward as important ethnomusicological problems. The subject of the article is Mordovian folk polyphony; its goal is to identify relevant characteristics in order to establish system-forming constants of areal traditions. The works of national and foreign scholars on the issues of areal studies, mapping and classification made up the general theoretical and methodological base.
The materials were authored field (including multi-channel) sound recordings of folk music and their analytical score transcriptions; published notations of other ethnomusicologists are also taken into consideration. Reliability and validity of the research are provided by methods of system-typological analysis of an extensive research base and its analysis.
At areal investigations of Mordovian polyphonic traditions, characterized by the presence in them of complex interactions of stadially different forms of melody and texture, it is necessary to systematize the constant correlations between the melodic (horizontal) and the harmonic (vertical) components at the level of both the integral structure of polyphonic melody or gigantic, and individual vocal parts. There are the following attributes applicable to all known types of polyphonic texture: relation of melody to harmony (according to the principle of opposition by E. V. Gippius), realization of a melodic type in a polyphonic texture, and heterophonic “density” of functionally allocated voice parts.
On the basis of these characteristics, it is possible to reveal quite clearly the system-forming properties of the polyphony of different regions. The areas can be allocated in the presence of either a stable style component that does not occur in other areas, or a stable system group of properties characteristic of a certain group of genres.

Key words: musical tradition; style area; genre group; structural type; melodic; polyphonic texture; signs; monody; heterophony; burdon polyphony.

For citation: Boiarkina LB. On theoretical approaches to the study of areal features of the traditional Mordvian polyphony. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 109–120. (In Russian)