Finno-Ugric World

Introduction. The paper deals the description of some lexical means of expressing emotivity and evaluation in the prose by Gennady Yushkov (1932–2009).
Materials and Methods. The article is based on the texts of the novels and short stories by G. A. Yushkov. The author employs the method of component analysis, it defines such components of connotative meaning as parametric, emotional-evaluative, and figurative. It applies a structural method when describing models of individual phraseological units of the author.
Results and Discussion. Emotivity and evaluation in the prose by Gennady Yushkov is expressed by various lexical means. Disapproval of the subject of speech is conveyed by commonly used pejoratives and individual phraseological units of the author, created according to the models of ordinary phrases in a figurative sense, lexical repetitions in the replicas of the characters. Negative evaluation and negative emotions of the speaker are also expressed by figurative verbs, while the intensity component in the connotative meaning of the word becomes a prerequisite for the development of the evaluation component. Conceptually significant for the works by G. A. Yushkov is the component of approval in the connotative meaning of the Komi ethnonym. Such qualities of a Komi person as bringing things to the end, sincerity, purposefulness, perseverance, the ability to feel nature and navigate in the forest, as well as modesty.
Conclusion. The lexical means of expressing emotiveness and evaluation in the prose by Gennady Yushkov are quite diverse They are based on both the commonly used resources of the Komi folk language and the author’s own linguistic creativity.

Acknowledgments: The publication was prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the state registration number of the project is IYALI FUUU-2021-0008 “The Permian languages in the linguocultural space of the European North and the Urals”.

Keywords: emotiology, emotivity, evaluativeness, the Komi language, stylistics of the Komi language; Gennady Yushkov

For citation: Bazhenova ON. Lexical means of expressing emotivity and evaluation in the prose by Gennady Yushkov. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:136–146. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.136-146.

Introduction. The article discusses the features of onomatopoeia and alliteration in the genre of graphic novel on the example of the work on the translation of the comics “Kalevala”. The author analyzes the phonostylistic techniques of the graphic novel “Kalevala” by S. Makkonen, studies the potential of onomatopoeic complexes, analyses the emotional components of onomatopoeia and their role in creating the perlocutionary effect of the comic.
Materials and Methods. Research material includes onomatopoeia, which autonomously formalize speech acts of comic book characters, as well as alliteration. The focus is on the pragmatic potential of onomatopoeia, which is revealed in combination with a verbal component and illustrative material. The analysis of empirical material is carried out based on the methods of linguistic description of qualitative, quantitative, and functional-semantic characteristics of the actual material.
Results and Discussion. Onomatopoeia in comics participates in the formation of speech acts. The most numerous groups of onomatopoeia in the novel by S. Makkonen are represented by onomatopoeic combinations that convey the state of nature and the emotions of the characters. Their choice is motivated by the of the author to describe the underground, hostile to man world of Pohjola. Inarticulate sounds of nature are transmitted by means of human language with a certain system and traditions of visual means. Studies have shown that in onomatopoetic words there is a distant connection between sound and meaning. Sounds are semanticized and given meaning in a specific context.
Conclusion. In the Finnish language, onomatopoeia complexes remain a relatively little-studied topic, which indicates the prospects and relevance of works devoted to phonosemantics and onomatopoeic words.

Keywords: comics, graphic novel, onomatopoeia, Finnish, alliteration, phonosemantics, translation

For citation: Bratchikova NS. Onomatopoeias in a graphic novel and the ways of their rendering from Finnish into Russian (on the material of comics “Kalevala” by S. Makkonen). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:147–159. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.147-159.

Information about the author
N. S. Bratchikova – Doctor of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Finno-Ugric Philology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Professional Communications in Political Sciences, Moscow State Linguistic University, n.bratchikova@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-8327

Introduction. The paper considers phraseological units that characterize the morbid state of a person in Russian and Moksha dialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the study is to present the semantic characteristics of dialect phraseological units, analyze their component composition, and identify axiological and cultural-historical ideas of dialect speakers in the region.

Materials and Methods. Various techniques and research methods were used in the work: a descriptive method, a comparative method, a method of component analysis, a method of contextual analysis, a method of linguistic and cultural interpretation. The study was conducted on the material of phraseological dictionaries of Russian dialects of the Republic of Mordovia and the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages.

Results and Discussion. The study found that in the Russian and Moksha dialects of the Republic of Mordovia there are stable combinations known from ancient times, which name diseases and their symptoms, various painful conditions of a person. It was revealed that the languages of different types use phraseological units, which include somatisms, zoonyms, phytonyms, names of various objects, which reflects the features of a person’s figurative thinking, associative perception of the surrounding reality. A comprehensive study of phraseological units that characterize the morbid state of a person in the languages of different types on the territory of one region contributes to the comprehension of folk mentality, revealing the specifics of the national linguistic picture of the world of the Russian and Mordovian peoples, and allows us to trace the general and specific features of the linguistic community.

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that phraseological units are actively used in the compared dialects of the Russian and Moksha languages, denoting a person’s morbid condition and representing the characteristic features of the image of the disease in different cultures.

Keywords: phraseology, phraseosemantic group, phraseological unit, meaning, dialects, Moksha language, Russian language, comparison, disease, nomination

For citation: Maslova AYu, Mochalova TI, Levina MZ. Representation of the morbid state of a person in the phraseology of Russian and Mordovian dialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:160–170. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.160-170.

Information about the authors
A. Yu. Maslova – Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of the Russian Language, National Research Mordovia State University, al_mas@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-1473
T. I. Mochalova – Cand. Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of the Russian Language, National Research Mordovia State University, mochalova2014@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-2985
M. Z. Levina – Сand. Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Mordovian Languages Department, National Research Mordovia State University, lev.mariya@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-2187

Introduction. The paper deals with two components of the hunting vocabulary, namely large wild animals, and medium-sized forest dwellers. Each component sub-defines the nominative units related to predators and herbivores are distinguished and separately considered in the paper. In the first part of the study, the composition is determined and a brief description of the relevant representatives of the local commercial fauna in the Komi Territory is given. The second part presents a diachronic hierarchy of the analyzed primordial vocabulary, compiled on the basis of the classification of proto-linguistic reconstructions.
Materials and Methods. The analyzed material refers mainly to the Komi literary language. The paper considers the names of both native and foreign-language origin. The main methods used by the author in developing the research topic are descriptive, comparative-historical, synchronous-comparative and statistical.
Results and Discussion. For the first time the article presents a linguistic analysis using the biological classification of two lexical subgroups belonging to one of the microsystems of the hunting vocabulary in the Komi language. It was established that the object of the study has ancient origins and the designations of primordial origin make its basis. In the composition of this variety of hunting vocabulary it presents Proto-Finno-Ugric, Proto-Finno-Permian, Proto-Permian and Proto-Komi vocabulary. A group of late formations having no genetic correspondences in other related languages appeared in the period of independent existence of the Komi-Zyryan language, after its separation from the Komi-Permian language. The foreign language component belongs to early and late borrowings. The technology of developing this topic, created by the author of the paper, can be used in the material of other related and unrelated languages.
Conclusion. The formation and development of the Komi language vocabulary related to large commercially hunted animals and medium-sized wild animals has been going on for many millennia, since the Proto-Finno-Ugric epoch. Most of the names of the analyzed microsystem belong to the primordial vocabulary fund of the Komi language. A foreign-language component consisting of borrowings from 5 external sources took part in its replenishment.

Keywords: the Komi language, vocabulary, designations of the hunting object, primordial vocabulary fund, borrowings

For citation: Rakin AN. Nomination of a hunting object in the Komi language. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:171–185. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.171-185.

Introduction. The Soviet system of education and cultural services for the population needed substantial number of personnel, which included preschool teachers, primary school teachers, librarians, and club workers. These mid-level specialists were trained mainly by regional colleges. The article presents a study of the vocational educational institutions that trained specialists for educational and cultural institutions, as part of the system of vocational education in the European North of Russia.
Materials and Methods. The research is based on the principles of research objectivity, historicism and reliability. The main research methods applied for the archival documents and statistical materials were statistical analysis and comparison.
Results and Discussion. The analysis of the statistical data used in the study made it possible to compile registers of vocational educational institutions that trained specialists for the field of education and culture in the European North of Russia in the 1950s – 1980s. Based on the information available in the central and regional statistical collections, as well as in the statistical reporting of the vocational educational institutions under consideration, it was possible to trace the dynamics of the number of students and graduates of technical schools and schools in the field of education and culture, to identify shares in the total number of students and graduates of all secondary specialized educational institutions by regions of the European North of Russia, including two Finno-Ugric republics, Karelian and Komi.
Conclusion. The reform of vocational education in the 1950s had a negative impact on the number of trained specialists in the field under study. In the future, their number increases significantly, which indicates the progressive development of colleges in the studied area. Despite the positive dynamics of the number of students and graduates, their share in the total number throughout the system of secondary specialized education in the European North of Russia remains at a low level. Nevertheless, the positive vector of the dynamics of their numbers indicates the demand for specialists of this profile in the national economy of the studied regions, as well as the Finno-Ugric republics located within the boundaries of the territory of the European North of Russia.

Acknowledgments: The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the research topic of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Federal Research Center “Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”.

Keywords: secondary special education, education and culture, European North of the Russia, dynamics of the number, 1950s – 1980s

For citation: Matsuk AM. Vocational education institutions of the sphere of education and culture in the European North of Russia in the 1950s – 1980s. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:196–206. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.196-206.

Introduction. The article analyzes the semantics of the tree-like figures of the traditional female costume. The purpose of the work is to determine the origins of this image in the Udmurt ornamentation.
Materials and Methods. The work uses the method of structural-semiotic analysis, allowing to consider costume ornament as a sign-symbolic system.
Results and Discussion. The two prototypes that arose back in the period of the formation of human mentality: a woman and a totemic beast, formed the basis of the mythopoetic symbol of the world tree. Complex of Udmurt vorshud concentrated and preserved the echoes of the most ancient cult of a female – progenitor, endowed with a totem name. Each Udmurt clan had its own vorshud name. This name was associated with a natural totem, belonged to women of the clan, and passed down from generation to generation through the female line. A vorshud name was given to the ancestral territory, and its sacred center – vorshud in the sanctuary of kua. Vorshud demonstrates two key ideas of the world tree: connection and continuity of generations and the center of ancestral territory.
Conclusion. During the study, the connection between the tree symbols of the costume ornament with the cult of Udmurt vorshud and the symbolism of the world tree was revealed. Therefore, it reveals the origins and semantics of wooden symbols in the Udmurt costume ornament.

Keywords: costume ornament, mother totem, vorshud, family tree, world tree

For citation: Molchanova LA. “Wood” symbolism in the decoration of the Udmurt costume: origins, existence, meaning. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:207–222. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.207-222.

Introduction. The effectiveness of the research of folklore for the cognition of the cosmo-psycho-logos of the ethnos determines the relevance of this work. The research novelty of this study is studying Erzya and Moksha folk tales with the application of deixis analysis of folk tales with similar plots circulating in various ethnic groups. The object of the study is the texts of the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales with the plot motif “Tom Thumb” in comparison with Russian, German, English, Spanish and Latin American fairy tales with a similar plot. The subject of the research is the features of ontology, axiology, anthropology of Erzya and Moksha in a fairy tale. The purpose of the work is to identify the ontological, axiological and anthropological features of the Mordovian fairy tale. The objectives of the study are to perform a deixis analysis of the texts of several variants of the Mordovian fairy tale and its foreign-ethnic counterparts; identify their similarities and differences; to formulate the ontological, axiological and anthropological features of the Mordovian fairy tale.
Materials and Methods. To achieve the purpose of the study, the author carried out a comparative content analysis of the deixis of seven fairy tales with the leading plot motif “Tom Thumb”. The author applies the method of critical selection of sources choosing the authentic versions of folk tales. General research methods allow the author to analyze and systematize the information obtained and synthesize the conclusions.
Results and Discussion. All the considered folk tales record the tragedy of the absence of children in an ethnic family, the desirability of procreation as children are the happiness and the meaning of human life. The Erzya folk tale demonstrates the local-common solidarity, the fight against aggressive authorities, and armed restorative justice. In the Moksha fairy tale, there is a motif of deception by a deceiver as a form of restorative justice to improve the financial situation of the family. Both in the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales, the intention of returning home in an indirect way and living in labor in one’s place of development is realized.
Conclusion. A comparative analysis of the deixis of fairy tales of different ethnic groups with a similar plot makes it possible to identify the general and special in the content of fairy tales, to determine the features of the ontology, axiology, and anthropology of the ethnic group. The study showed that the ontological, axiological and anthropological features of the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales are close, but not identical; it revealed similarities and differences with the fairy tales of other ethnic cultures.

Keywords: Erzya fairy tale, Moksha fairy tale, similar plot, “Tom Thumb”, ontology, axiology, anthropology

For citation: Osmushina AA. A person and the world in a Mordovian folk tale (in comparison with folktales of other ethnic cultures). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2022;14;2:223–240. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.223-240.