Finno-Ugric World

Valentina F. Rogozhina,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), valentina-141966@mail.ru

Nadezhda A. Kulakova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), nad_kul@rambler.ru

The article analyses the typology of variants of phraseological units in unrelated languages – Moksha and Russian. The aim of the work is a typological analysis of the variability of phraseological units in these languages. The subject of the study are the variants of phraseological units in these languages. The ideas of this research can be used for academic and research materials for such courses as “Modern Moksha language”, “Comparative grammar of the Mordovian and Russian languages”.
The research methodology is based on a system approach that incorporates comparative and typological as well as structural and grammatical methods. The article is rooted in research of Russian and Finno-Ugric linguistic data of phraseological dictionaries, fiction works, and the recordings of the dialects of native speakers of these languages.
Formal variation of phraseological units does not cause fundamental differences, whereas lexical replacement of components generates different opinions. Most linguists determine the variability of phraseological units as changes of the form of phraseological units and their expression.
It is concluded that phraseological units of the Moksha and Russian languages contain lexical and morphological variability. Lexical variation is expressed by means of different lexical components. In the compared languages, predicative phraseological units containing more than two components are most prone to contractions. Morphological variability is expressed in changing grammatical form. In Russian it is expressed in number, cases and sometimes in the gender, while in Moksha it is expressed in the use of postpositions.

Key words: glossary; grammar; phraseological unit; bilingual dictionary; lexical variance; morphological variability; noun; adjective; pronoun; suffix; Moksha language; Russian language.

For citation: Kulakova NA, Rogozhina VF. Variance of phraseological units in the Moksha and Russian languages (typological analysis). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 37–47. (In Russian)

Aleksandra P. Rodionova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Research Fellow, Department of Linguistics,
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Petrozavodsk, Russia), santrar@krc.karelia.ru

Svetlana V. Nagurnaia,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Secretary for Science, Department of Linguistics,
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Petrozavodsk, Russia), kov@krc.karelia.ru

The relevance of this article is defined by the revitalization processes in the Karelian language in the Republic of Karelia, when the Ludic language appeared on the periphery of it. The purpose of the article is to identify the most actual problems in the normalization of the Ludic dialect and to outline its possible solutions. The main problem remains the fact that each Ludic subdialect has its own distinctive features. This applies to both vocabulary and grammar. The presented materials will be of interest to researchers involved in the development of the newly written languages, the creation of a literary norm and codification.
The research employs descriptive, comparative and verification methods. The dialectal data and examples of the standardized language were used as linguistic data.
The article presents the main problems of norming the Ludic dialect of the Karelian language and some possibilities for their solution.
The main problem in the norming of the Ludic dialect is that its dialects are very different from each other while the influence of the Vepsian component on the Ludic dialect was uneven throughout the whole territory of its distribution, with the Mikhaylovskiy dialect at most. The dialects have their own distinctive features, which applies to both vocabulary and grammar. Therefore, the manuals created on the basis of the Mikhaylovskiy dialect are not always easily accepted by the native speakers. In addition to linguistic problems, the norming of the Ludic dialect is affected by the shortage of specialists who can speak their own dialect fluently and who could establish a literary norm of Ludic dialect in the joint effort.

Key words: Karelian language; Ludic dialect; norming; unification; dialects.

For citation: Rodionova AP, Nagurnaia SV. Ludic dialect: problems of creating of the literary norm. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 48–57. (In Russian)

Acknowledgment: Contributions to the research should be acknowledged to the support by АААА-А18-118012490344-5 “Baltic-Finnic Languages of the North-West Russian Federation: linguistic research in sociocultural context”.

Ivan N. Ryabov,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ryabov.74@bk.ru

Galina V. Ryabova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Mordovian Languages, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), ryabova.gv@bk.ru

The lexical and semantic layer of zoomorphisms appears in speech with different emotional-expressive coloring and reflects national specificities, beauty, and richness of the language. Zoomorphisms in the Erzya language used to convey emotions have not been studied precisely. The relevance of this study is caused by the need to analyze lexical potential of the Erzya language zoomorphisms. The subject of the analysis is emotive zoomorphisms, which are used to express emotions and emotional state of a person. The aim of the study is to describe, characterize and analyze zoomorphisms used in the Erzya language as emotive lexemes. The theoretical and methodological framework for the study is presented by the works of national and international scholars on the problem of expressing emotivity by the means of the language.
The materials for the study were dictionaries, folklore texts and works of fiction. The authors used such methods of linguistic analysis as descriptive and comparative one.
To convey emotions people use different lexical units such as nominative words. One of them is zoomorphisms, which are used to express the person’s emotional relationship to the surrounding reality. Zoomorphisms in the Erzya language are analyzed in terms of their differentiation by their emotional value and functional-semantic significance.
The lexico-semantic analysis of emotive zoomorphisms made it possible to identify several categories of lexemes in the Erzya language. These lexemes are used to describe such qualitative characteristics of a person as mental abilities, appearance, physical condition, character, moral and ethical attitudes. The description of zoomorphisms with positive and negative meaning made it possible to determine the range of zoomorphisms used to convey negative evaluation and emotions and a group of zoomorphisms used to convey positive emotional evaluation.

Key words: zoomorphism; lexeme; emotion; emotiveness; semantic meaning; expressive and emotional coloring; positive and negative evaluation.

For citation: Ryabov IN, Ryabova GV. Using zoomorphisms for the presentation of Emotions (a case study of the Erzya language). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 58–67. (In Russian)

Svetlana A. Sazhina,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Senior Research Fellow,
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Scientific Center,
Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
(Syktyvkar, Russia), sazinas@rambler.ru

The article considers the system of demonstrative pronouns in the language of the Kirov Permians, one of the less studied dialects of the Komi-Permyak language. The subject of the research is substantive, adjective, adverbial, and quantitative demonstrative pronouns. The purpose of the work is to consider grammatical characteristics and specific features of the demonstratives. The results can be used in generalization in the area of historical dialectology of the Permian languages.
The empirical base of the research includes linguistic materials collected by the author in her dialectological expeditions to the area where the Kirov Permians resided in the 2002–2012. Linguistic materials are analyzed and interpreted in the context of the Komi language dialect.
The main focus of the work is grammatical characteristics and functions of the demonstrative bases and their derivatives: adjective, adverbial and quantitative demonstrative pronouns. The most numerous are adverbial pronouns, among which there are pronouns of place, time and mode of action.
The system of demonstrative pronouns of the dialect has a transitional character, revealing the features of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian demonstratives, and showing its own specific features.

Key words: Komi language; Komi-Permian language; Upper-Kama dialect; Kirov Permians; dialectology; morphology; pronoun.

For citation: Sazhina SA. Demonstrative pronouns in the language of the Kirov Permians. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 68–76. (In Russian)

Galina A. Kornishina,
Doctor of History, Department of Russian history,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), g.kornihina@mail.ru

Mordovian ethnos is a complex structural community that includes several hierarchical taxons, including ethno-territorial and Diaspora groups. One of the up-to-date problems of modern ethnological science is the development of generally accepted principles for their separation. The object of the research is one of the largest local groups of Mordovian living in the Ulyanovsk region. The main goal is to study the main components of the ethnic community of the Mordovian population of the Ulyanovsk region and determine the appropriateness of using the following definitions: ethno-territorial group, Diaspora group, Diaspora in relation to its structural divisions.
The source base consisted of diverse statistical, archival and field materials, as well as Internet sources. The theoretical basis of the research being presented is problem-chronological, comparative-historical and statistical methods. They allowed to consider the formation of ethnoterritorial groups of the Mordovians in Ulyanovsk region, the demographic and ethno-cultural aspects of their development at various historical stages, as well as the modern institutionalization of Mordovian public organizations and associations.
The research of documentary and theoretical sources gives grounds to believe that the ethnic structure of the Mordovian population of the Ulyanovsk region includes several hierarchical taxons. This local ethnic community is an integral part of the Mordvinian ethnos, which is represented in the region mainly by representatives of the Erzya sub-ethnic group. Important components of this community are ethno-territorial groups, which still retain the basic elements of traditional cultural and economic complexes. In addition, the Mordovian population of the Ulyanovsk region is currently positioning itself as a Diaspora group through the activities of cultural and public organizations.

Key words: Mordovian ethnos; sub-ethnos; Moksha; Erzya; Ulyanovsk region; ethno-territorial groups; Diaspora; cultural and economic complex.

For citation: Kornishina GA. Ethnic structure and features of ethno-cultural functioning of the Mordovian population in Ulyanovsk region. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 77–89. (In Russian)

Ranus R. Sadikov,
Doctor of History, Institute of Ethnological Research,
R. G. Kuzeev Ufa Federal Research Center,
Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, Russia), kissapi@mail.ru

Rishat A. Abdulkhalikov,
Post-graduate student (PhD), Institute of Ethnological Research,
R. G. Kuzeev Ufa Federal Research Center,
Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa, Russia), rishat24rishat@gmail.com

Mordovians, who live in Bashkortostan, have been practicing Orthodoxy for a long time, as they had moved to this territory already baptized. Religious features of the Mordovians of Bashkiria, including the history of Orthodoxy, has not been covered in historical and ethnographic research. In this paper, the authors made an attempt to identify the confessional features of the Orthodox Mordovians of Bashkiria.
The sources of the study were the writings of church authors and the diocesan chronicle of the late XIX – early XX century. The research is based on the principle of historicism; the main methods were historical-genetic, comparative-historical and problem-chronological.
In the late XIX – early XX century researchers noted the high religiosity and zeal in following Orthodox rites and sacraments among the local Mordovians, in which they surpassed the Russians. But the priests of Mordovian origins pointed out that they did not understand the Christian dogma. In 1910 an Orthodox diocesan mission was established to worked with the Mordovian flock. Since the Mordovians showed strong pagan traditions, the diocesan was the division of an anti-pagan diocesan missionary. In the late XIX – early XX century many churches were built in Mordovian settlements. A diocesan missionary Fedor Strelkov and a priest Avksenty Yurtov played a significant role in the Christian enlightenment of the people. During the Soviet era, Orthodox rites were practically ousted from the life of the people. At present, the positions of Orthodoxy among the Mordovians of Bashkortostan have become stronger again.
Orthodoxy, the main religion of the Mordovians of Bashkortostan, played a significant role in ethno-cultural development and contributed to the formation of many ethnographic features.

Key words: Mordovians; Orthodoxy; churches; monasteries; missionaries; Ufa diocese; Bashkiria.

For citation: Sadikov RR, Abdulkhalikov RA. Orthodoxy of the Mordovians of Bashkiria. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 90–97. (In Russian)

Olga G. Belomoeva,
Doctor of Cultural Studies, Professor, Department of Theater Art and Folk Art Culture, Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), о_belomoeva@mail.ru

Tatiana V. Klimkina,
Post-graduate student (PhD), Department of Theater Art and Folk Art Culture,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), scientificmagazines@gmail.com

The article studies one of the main features of the development of the religious architecture of Russia at the turn of the 21st century. That can be defined as a powerful development of religious architecture, associated with the phenomenon of “spiritual rebirth”. The specificity of the church as a socio-cultural phenomenon consists in the unity of the sacred, historical and domestic factors, which is an important criterion to evaluate its architectural decision. The religious architecture at the turn of the 21st century is an object of the research. The subject is the features of its development at the present stage. The goal is to identify the main tendencies in the development of religious architecture in Russia considering the experience of the Republic of Mordovia.
The empirical material of the work is the contemporary religious architecture of Russia. It is provided by the use of traditional methods for the Humanities (typological and descriptive methods, etc.) as well as the research empirical base and its fair analysis which corresponds to the basic provisional of Arts and Cultural Studies.
The analysis of the monuments of modern religious architecture that allows concluding on two tendencies in the development of religious architecture: the restoration of churches and the construction of new religious buildings. Regarding the latter, there is a direct connection with the development of two stylistics views: the interpretation of architectural forms of the past and disregard of artistic traditions. This stylistic tendency is becoming the major one in the field of the contemporary religious architecture referring both to the historical heritage of Russia in the whole and the Republic of Mordovia in particular.
The turn of the 21st century represents a new stage of development of religious architecture in Russia within the break with tradition that occurred in the Soviet era. Its main trends are the restoration of the architectural structures of the past and the erection of new churches. Active searches for new artistic decisions are based on tradition, which is confirmed by examples of church construction in general in Russia, and in the Republic of Mordovia in particular.

Key words: religious architecture; church; reconstruction; tradition; interpretation; stylization.

For citation: Belomoeva OG, Klimkina TV. Features of development of Russian religious architecture at the turn of the 21st century (as for Russia and Mordovia). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 98–108. (In Russian)

Liudmila B. Boiarkina,
Candidate Sc. {Art History}, Senior Research Fellow,
Interregional Research Center of Finno-Ugric Studies,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), bojarkin_ni@mail.ru

Among the current challenges in modern ethnomusicology, the studies of folklore have pioneered polyphony, a characteristic phenomenon of traditional Finno-Ugric music. The polyphony of Finno-Ugrians reveals noticeable ethnic (subethnic and local) differences that were defined during a long historical development (contacts with neighboring peoples and mutual influence of areal musical traditions). The solution of conceptual analytical problems, the development of modern theoretical approaches and techniques are put forward as important ethnomusicological problems. The subject of the article is Mordovian folk polyphony; its goal is to identify relevant characteristics in order to establish system-forming constants of areal traditions. The works of national and foreign scholars on the issues of areal studies, mapping and classification made up the general theoretical and methodological base.
The materials were authored field (including multi-channel) sound recordings of folk music and their analytical score transcriptions; published notations of other ethnomusicologists are also taken into consideration. Reliability and validity of the research are provided by methods of system-typological analysis of an extensive research base and its analysis.
At areal investigations of Mordovian polyphonic traditions, characterized by the presence in them of complex interactions of stadially different forms of melody and texture, it is necessary to systematize the constant correlations between the melodic (horizontal) and the harmonic (vertical) components at the level of both the integral structure of polyphonic melody or gigantic, and individual vocal parts. There are the following attributes applicable to all known types of polyphonic texture: relation of melody to harmony (according to the principle of opposition by E. V. Gippius), realization of a melodic type in a polyphonic texture, and heterophonic “density” of functionally allocated voice parts.
On the basis of these characteristics, it is possible to reveal quite clearly the system-forming properties of the polyphony of different regions. The areas can be allocated in the presence of either a stable style component that does not occur in other areas, or a stable system group of properties characteristic of a certain group of genres.

Key words: musical tradition; style area; genre group; structural type; melodic; polyphonic texture; signs; monody; heterophony; burdon polyphony.

For citation: Boiarkina LB. On theoretical approaches to the study of areal features of the traditional Mordvian polyphony. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 2: 109–120. (In Russian)

DOI 10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.01.006-017

The Abstract Nouns in the Poetry by Ivan Kuratov

Olga N. Bazhenova,
Postgraduate student,
Institute of Language, Literature and History,
Komi Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Syktyvkar, Russia), bazhenova-olga2011@mail.ru

Iurii G. Antonov,
Doctor of Philology, Head of the Department of Finno-Ugric Literature,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), antonovug@yandex.ru

Svetlana V. Sheianova,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Literature,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), antonovug@yandex.ru

Elena A. Sharonova,
Doctor of Philology, Professor, Chair of Russian and Foreign Literature,
Ogarev Mordovia State University
(Saransk, Russia), sharon.ov@mail.ru

In the modern educational paradigm, the revival of the ethno-pedagogical culture, use of its techniques for development of moral and aesthetic values of the modern person is recognized as a priority. The harmonization of modern pedagogical methods and educational traditions that have been formed within the people’s environment is an important component of the educational process and requires a comprehensive academic and research understanding. The elements of ethno-pedagogical culture, contained in the Mordovian fairy tales, contribute to the formation of a number of positive personality traits. The goal of the research is to determine the role of the Mordovian fairy tales in the development of moral and aesthetic values of the modern person and reveal the influence of some fairy tales on the development of ethnic self-awareness.
The work employs a theoretical method that allows us to comprehend the results obtained on the basis of advanced developments in pedagogical science; empirical methods (observation and questioning) that help to study the influence of the Mordovian fairy tales on the formation of certain personality traits in educational process.
The study of the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales involves a university student in the space of national culture and language, into the space of the national way of thinking and forms a full-fledged personality capable of intercultural and interlingual communication. The fairy tale reveals the behavioral patterns, the norms of the family and social life, lays the notions of truth, good, beauty, establishes a qualitative perception of people’s ethical principles, promotes self-identification of the individual through the reception of a unique ethno-philosophy.
Studying of the Mordovian fairy tales, the students promotes the development of ethnically oriented behavioral patterns aimed at the upbringing of positive personal qualities. The obtained results can be used in the practice of university humanitarian education and other areas of training, as well as in the compilation of educational materials on philological and pedagogical education.

Key words: Mordovian fairy tales; ethnocultural education; personal development; popular pedagogy; ethnopedagogy; ethnophilosophy; mentality.

For citation: Antonov IG, Sheianova SV, Sharonova EA. Mordovian fairy tales as a means of ethno-cultural development of the personality. Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 10: 1: 18–28. (In Russian)

Antonina P. Guskova,
Candidate Sc. {Philology}, Associate Professor, Department of Finno-Ugric Philology, Lomonosov Moscow State University
(Moscow, Russia), guskova_ant@mail.ru

Features of Finno-Ugric languages’ (including Hungarian) are a relevant problem of Finno-Ugric Studies in general. The article describes the features of Hungarian speech etiquette from comparative linguo-pragmatics [Hungarian as a foreign language (HFL)] point of view. The method seems to be promising in the light of grammatical specificity both of Russian and Hungarian, appealing to advanced grammar course of HFL and communicative skills acquisition as well.
The article highlights grammar correlation between Russian and Hungarian language systems and is based on grammar comparison of both languages. Pragmatics, semantics of syntax and comparative linguistics methods are used in this article. Modern Hungarian language dictionaries are involved to analyze lexicographic definitions. The materials of the research consist of sampling Hungarian prose, newspaper and grammar vocabulary excerpts as well as the interviewers with Hungarian native speakers.
The complex research of Hungarian speech etiquette can make up for a deficiency that is still to be in relevant chapters of HFL methodic literature. Comparative analysis is to designate versatile (systematical and functional) traces in speech etiquette grammar and to determine the differences of Russian and Hungarian languages. That is the key point to solve the problems aligned with practice of teaching HFL.
The research demonstrates intercategorical connections supplied in etiquette forms are integrated into single system that has a line of grammatical specificities of actualization in speech etiquette and related with certain parts of speech. This system reflects primary distribution of pronominal, nominal and verbal characteristics inside determined forms. The sophistication of etiquette forms in Hungarian permits us to conclude there is a necessity of incorporation speech etiquette into Hungarian course book (as an independent part). This idea is precisely approved by the fact that there is a lack of complete and systematical descriptions of Hungarian syntax pragmatics.

Key words: Hungarian language, speech etiquette, etiquette specificity, grammatical features, pronominal forms of address, nominal forms of address, verbal forms of address.

For citation: Guskova AP. The grammer of the Hungarian language etiquette (in the Hungarian language textbooks). Finno-ugorskii mir = Finno-Ugric World. 2018; 10: 1: 29–35. (In Russian)